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1.
Thelma Panaïotis Marcel Babin Tristan Biard François Carlotti Laurent Coppola Lionel Guidi Helena Hauss Lee Karp-Boss Rainer Kiko Fabien Lombard Andrew M. P. McDonnell Marc Picheral Andreas Rogge Anya M. Waite Lars Stemmann Jean-Olivier Irisson 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2023,32(11):1991-2005
Aim
The distribution of mesoplankton communities has been poorly studied at global scale, especially from in situ instruments. This study aims to (1) describe the global distribution of mesoplankton communities in relation to their environment and (2) assess the ability of various environmental-based ocean regionalizations to explain the distribution of these communities.Location
Global ocean, 0–500 m depth.Time Period
2008–2019.Major Taxa Studied
Twenty-eight groups of large mesoplanktonic and macroplanktonic organisms, covering Metazoa, Rhizaria and Cyanobacteria.Methods
From a global data set of 2500 vertical profiles making use of the Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5), an in situ imaging instrument, we studied the global distribution of large (>600 μm) mesoplanktonic organisms. Among the 6.8 million imaged objects, 330,000 were large zooplanktonic organisms and phytoplankton colonies, the rest consisting of marine snow particles. Multivariate ordination (PCA) and clustering were used to describe patterns in community composition, while comparison with existing regionalizations was performed with regression methods (RDA).Results
Within the observed size range, epipelagic plankton communities were Trichodesmium-enriched in the intertropical Atlantic, Copepoda-enriched at high latitudes and in upwelling areas, and Rhizaria-enriched in oligotrophic areas. In the mesopelagic layer, Copepoda-enriched communities were also found at high latitudes and in the Atlantic Ocean, while Rhizaria-enriched communities prevailed in the Peruvian upwelling system and a few mixed communities were found elsewhere. The comparison between the distribution of these communities and a set of existing regionalizations of the ocean suggested that the structure of plankton communities described above is mostly driven by basin-level environmental conditions.Main Conclusions
In both layers, three types of plankton communities emerged and seemed to be mostly driven by regional environmental conditions. This work sheds light on the role not only of metazoans, but also of unexpected large protists and cyanobacteria in structuring large mesoplankton communities. 相似文献2.
PTT-119 is an antineoplastic agent in which an alkylating moiety, m-sarcolysine, is linked to two amino acid analogs. Previous studies showed a higher "in vitro" cytotoxicity of PTT-119 when compared to free m-sarcolysine; the mechanisms of this enhanced activity are not completely understood. In this study we incubated peripheral blood cells from 8 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with both m-sarcolysine and equimolar concentrations of PTT-119, measuring the intracellular concentration of the alkylating moiety. We observed a significantly higher intracellular concentration of m-sarcolysine in cells incubated with the peptide-bound drug than with the free drug (58.3 +/- 39.6 versus 4.4 +/- 1.9 ng/10(6) cells; P = 0.013). This observation could explain the higher cytotoxic activity of PTT-119 and the lack of cross-resistance with melphalan. 相似文献
3.
Céline Di Battista Antonella Amicucci Chiara Guidi Luana Bertini Davide Sisti Vilberto Stocchi 《Biotechnology Techniques》1999,13(5):331-335
A rapid procedure has been developed to isolate DNA from the ectomycorrhizae of Tuber spp. for use in PCR experiments. The method described is fast and sensitive and can overcome the amplification problems that can arise in the presence of inhibitors. For this reason it can be used to type ectomycorrhizae even starting from a single root tip and make mycorrhizae identification much more rapid. 相似文献
4.
Changes in soil structure and in microbial population were recorded in a long term field experiment over the growing season
of maize (June–November). Determinations were made on samples from plots which had received, for two years, the following
treatments: mineral fertilizers, farmyard manure and three rates of compost. Seasonal variations were observed for the stability
of soil aggregates, total porosity, pore size distribution, mycorrhizal infection and aerobic cellulolytic microorganisms.
The stability of the soil aggregates changed in a similar way to that found for both mycorrhizal infection and the number
of aerobic cellulolytic microorganisms. Physical characteristics were not affected in any instance by the organic dressings
and microbiological populations were generally influenced only by the higher doses of compost. 相似文献
5.
M. Dach A. Accorsi C. Pierotti F. Vetrano R. Mantovani G. Guidi R. Conti P. Nicolini 《Bioelectromagnetics》1993,14(4):383-391
An attempt has been made to understand whether 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) are involved in producing bioeffects by exposing human erythrocytes in vitro. The study evaluated some key glycolytic enzymes, glucose consumption, lactate production, energy charge, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and reduced glutathione levels. all of which are biochemical parameters significant to erythrocyte function. Cells exposed to individual or superimposed EMFs have not shown any significant difference compared with the controls. © 1993 Wiley-Liss. Inc. 相似文献
6.
Two types of Na+/Ca2+-exchangers have been characterized in the literature: The first is the cardiac, skeletal muscle and brain type, which exchanges 1 Ca2+ for 3 Na+, the second, found in retinal photosensor cells, transports 1 Ca2+ and 1 K+ in exchange for 4 Na+. The present work describes the properties of chimeric constructs of the two exchanger types. Ca2+ gel overlay experiments have identified a high affinity (Kd in the 1 microM range) Ca2+-binding domain between Glu601 and Asp733 in the main cytosolic loop of the retinal protein, just after transmembrane domain 5. Insertion of the retinal Ca2+-binding domain in the cytosolic loop of the cardiac exchanger conferred K+-dependence to the Ca2+ uptake activity of the chimeric constructs expressed in HeLa cells. The apparent Km of the K+ effect was about 1 mM. Experiments with C-terminally truncated versions of the retinal insert indicated that the sequence between Leu643 and Asp733 was critical in mediating K+ sensitivity of the recombinant chimeras. Thus, the high affinity Ca2+-binding domain in the main cytosolic loop of the retinal exchanger may regulate the activity of the retinal protein by binding Ca2+, and by conferring to it K+ sensitivity. 相似文献
7.
Novella Guidi Hartmut Geiger Novella Guidi Mehmet Sacma Ludger Ständker Karin Soller Gina Marka Karina Eiwen Johannes M Weiss Frank Kirchhoff Tanja Weil Jose A Cancelas Maria Carolina Florian Hartmut Geiger 《The EMBO journal》2017,36(7):840-853
Upon aging, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo changes in function and structure, including skewing to myeloid lineages, lower reconstitution potential and loss of protein polarity. While stem cell intrinsic mechanisms are known to contribute to HSC aging, little is known on whether age-related changes in the bone marrow niche regulate HSC aging. Upon aging, the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in the murine bone marrow stroma is reduced. Exposure of young HSCs to an OPN knockout niche results in a decrease in engraftment, an increase in long-term HSC frequency and loss of stem cell polarity. Exposure of aged HSCs to thrombin-cleaved OPN attenuates aging of old HSCs, resulting in increased engraftment, decreased HSC frequency, increased stem cell polarity and a restored balance of lymphoid and myeloid cells in peripheral blood. Thus, our data suggest a critical role for reduced stroma-derived OPN for HSC aging and identify thrombin-cleaved OPN as a novel niche informed therapeutic approach for ameliorating HSC phenotypes associated with aging. 相似文献
8.
Pierleoni R Buffalini M Vallorani L Guidi C Zeppa S Sacconi C Pucci P Amoresano A Casbarra A Stocchi V 《Phytochemistry》2004,65(7):813-820
The formation of the fruit body represents the final phase of the ectomycorrhizal fungus T. borchii life cycle. Very little is known concerning the molecular and biochemical processes involved in the fructification phase. 2-DE maps of unripe and ripe ascocarps revealed different protein expression levels and the comparison of the electropherograms led to the identification of specific proteins for each developmental phase. Associating micropreparative 2-DE to microchemical approaches, such as N-terminal sequencing and 2-D gel-electrophoresis mass-spectrometry, proteins playing pivotal roles in truffle physiology were identified. 相似文献
9.
Uptake by corn and chemical extractability of heavy metals from a four year compost treated soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper gives the results from four-year field experiments on compost application, added at the maximum rate allowed by
Italian legislation (30 t/ha/y). The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate any eventual heavy metal accumulation in soil
and corn plants. Cadmium in corn plants increased particularly in the roots from 0.22 mg kg−1 to 1.31 mg kg−1, concentration of Zn and Cu increased in grains, from 26.8 to 35.8 and from 2.4 to 4.2 mg kg−1 respectively. Relevant increase in the roots was detected for Zn from 34.6 to 146.8 mg kg−1. Only in the 4th year Ni concentration increases in the root portion while the content of Pb and Cr in corn was generally
unaffected by the compost application. Heavy metals in the soil determined by a sequential chemical extraction, indicated
that extractability changed with time. A certain increase was found from the beginning to the end of the experiment particularly
for Zn, from 23.3 mg kg−1 to 45.1 mg kg−1 in extractable forms. Nevertheless the extractable amounts are rather small in respect to the total heavy metal content of
compost. 相似文献
10.
Two different genotypes of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (cv. Cuor di Bue, O3-sensitive and line 93.1033/1, O3-resistant) were treated with a single dose of ozone (150 mm3 m−3 for 3 h). The PS 2 activity was examined by measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence on symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves. Symptoms were evident on the 4th leaves from the bottom, in both genotypes, while the 2nd leaves of the line 93.1033/1 were asymptomatic. In these leaves, the net photosynthetic rate (PN) did not change even if the Fv/Fm ratio significantly decreased. A strong reduction in PN, mostly due to the stomatal closure, was observed in Cuor di Bue. The non photochemical quenching coefficient (qNP) and the degree of PS 2 reaction centres closure (1-qP) were higher, while the quantum efficiency of PS 2 photochemistry (ΦPS2) and quantum efficiency of excitation energy capture (Φexc.) were lower in O3 treated leaves of both genotypes. The limitation of photosynthesis was shown also by a decrease in the parameter %P, which
diminished compared to controls in both genotypes. The response of the two genotypes for the energy fraction dissipated as
thermal energy in the PS 2 antennae (%D) was similar. The fraction of %P remained lower during the recovery in symptomatic
leaves of the resistant line as compared to the controls, whereas %X, which represents the amount of light energy that is
not utilized in photochemistry or dissipated in the PS 2 antennae, significantly rose in the asymptomatic leaves of this line
and in both the leaves of Cuor di Bue. From data obtained we concluded that ozone affected the plants independently on the
appearance of visible symptoms of injury because the leaves without visible symptoms of both the genotypes were negatively
influenced. 相似文献