黄河三角洲盐碱地条件下不同甘薯品种耐盐性

利用北方薯区当前生产上广泛种植的甘薯新品种,在黄河三角洲盐碱地上开展种植试验,以期选育耐盐甘薯品种。对每个测试品种的重要农艺性状及盐离子含量进行分析。结果表明不同甘薯品种的耐盐性存在差异。除叶片数、分枝数、分枝长度无显著性差异外,其他农艺性状如总鲜重、鲜薯产量、薯块干率、薯干产量、薯块数等都在不同品种中达到显著水平,建议耐盐性的评价指标应以鲜薯和薯干产量为主。对甘薯新生叶片、成熟叶片、须根、块根等不同器官进行Cl-、Ca2＋、Na＋和K＋的含量分析,结果表明不同品种其不同器官中各种盐离子含量差异显著,暗示不同基因型耐盐机制存在差异。基于对鲜薯和薯干产量的比较,筛选出耐盐碱的品种,主要有‘泰中9号’、‘苏薯7号’、‘龙薯1号’、‘徐薯18’等。同时,对甘薯种植前后的土壤总盐分和营养成分的分析显示：甘薯收获后,土壤中的含盐量显著降低。本研究为沿海滩涂培育和种植耐盐碱甘薯新品种进行了有益的尝试,同时也为盐碱地改良和生物质能原材料种植提供了思路。     

A cell clone strain from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mythimna separata</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) highly susceptible to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Autographa californica</Emphasis> multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and <Emphasis Type="Italic">M. separata</Emphasis> NPV (MsNPV)

In this study, we describe a cell line, Ms-10C, cloned from the line QAU-Ms-E-10 (simplified Ms-10), an embryonic line from Mythimna separata. The cloned cell line was significantly more sensitive to nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV). Ms-10C cells were mainly spherical with a diameter of 14.42 ± 2.23 μm. DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) confirmed the profile of PCR-amplified bands of the cloned cell line was consistent with those of the parental cell line, Ms-10. The sequencing result of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (mtCO I) fragment confirmed that the amplified 636-bps mtCOI fragment was 100% identical to that of M. separata. Its chromosomes exhibited the typical characters of lepidopteran cell lines. Its population doubling time was 42.2 h at 27°C. Ms-10C was more sensitive than Ms-10 to both Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and M. separata nucleopolyhedrovirus (MsNPV). At 4 d post infection, the infection rates of two viruses reached 94.2 and 92.3%, respectively. The availability of this cell clone strain will provide a useful tool for the basic research on nucleopolyhedrovirus and for potential application in expression of recombinant proteins with baculovirus expression vector system.     

Synthesis of N-protected peptide alcohols catalyzed by subtilisin or alpha-chymotrypsin in organic solvents

A series of N-protected peptide alcohols were synthesized using amino alcohols with unprotected hydroxy groups as amino components by the catalysis of subtilisin or alpha-chymotrypsin in organic solvents. N-protected aromatic amino acid esters were more suitable as acyl donors for subtilisin. The influences of different N-protecting groups, organic solvents, and content of water on synthesis of N-protected peptide alcohols were systematically studied.     

鳞翅目昆虫抗病毒免疫反应的研究进展

鳞翅目昆虫种类繁多,对农业生产和人类生活产生重大影响,宿主昆虫与病毒相互关系的研究对于利用病毒杀虫剂进行害虫治理和益虫病毒性疾病的预防具有重要意义.因此,鳞翅目昆虫与病毒的互作研究显得尤为重要,宿主昆虫的免疫系统在抗病毒感染过程中发挥着关键作用,对病毒产生不同程度的免疫反应.本文综述了昆虫围食膜和中肠对病毒入侵的防御作用,病毒进入体腔后昆虫所产生的细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,以及RNAi、细胞的自噬与凋亡、Toll、Imd、JAK-STAT和STING信号通路等相关的抗病毒免疫途径,并对昆虫抗病毒免疫研究的制约因素和未来鳞翅目昆虫抗病毒免疫的研究重点进行了讨论,以期为害虫的生物防治和益虫疾病的防控提供理论依据.     

Noncoding RNAs in acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI), caused by various stimuli including ischemia reperfusion, nephrotoxic insult, and sepsis, is characterized by abrupt decline of kidney function. Till now, the molecular mechanisms for AKI have not been fully explored and the effective therapies are still lacking. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), a group of biomolecules function at RNA level, are involved in a wide range of physiopathological processes including AKI. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most extensively studied ncRNAs in AKI. Evidence indicated that miRNAs are altered significantly in various types of AKI. Gain-and-loss-of-function studies demonstrated that miRNAs, such as miR-24, miR-126, miR-494, and miR-687, may bind to the 3′-untranslated region of their target genes to regulate inflammation, programmed cell death, and cell cycle in the injury and repair stages of AKI, indicating their therapeutic potential in AKI. In contrast, functions of long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs in AKI are hot topics but still largely unknown. Additionally, ncRNAs packaged in exosome can be detected in circulation and urine, they may serve as specific biomarkers for AKI. This review summarized the alteration and functional role of ncRNAs and their therapeutic potential in AKI.     

茉莉酸甲酯抑制拟南芥根伸长生长电生理学机制

以外源茉莉酸甲酯(JA-Me)处理拟南芥,运用膜片钳技术研究JA-Me、过氧化氢(H2O2)和内向K+通道之间的关系,以探讨茉莉酸类物质(JAs)抑制根伸长生长分子机制。检测到10-4mol/L的JA-Me能抑制根细胞质膜内向K+电流,表明可能与根的伸长生长有关,并且发现H2O2可能作为第二信使参与了JAs抑制根伸长生长的过程,H2O2介导的JA-Me对根细胞内向K+通道的抑制是根生长受抑的可能电生理机制。     

Development of CMV-and TMV-resistant chili pepper: field perfermance and biosafety assessment

Both cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP) genes have been transferred to chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Longunt) cultivar 8212 by a modified procedure of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation using hypocotyl as the explant. PCR analysis revealed the presence of both CMV and TMV CP genes in at least 11 primary transformants out of 49 kanamycin-resistant chili pepper plants. Ten T1 lines from five independent transformation events were identified as putative homozygous transgenic lines based on the rooting assay of their T2 seedlings on the kanamycin-containing media. Integration and expression of CMV CP and TMV CP transgenes in one of the homozygous line, 16-13, were confirmed bySouthern blot, RT-PCR and western blot analyses. Line 16-13 was highly resistant to infection of homologous CMV and TMV strains in greenhouse conditions when successively challenged with CMV and TMV or challenged with TMV alone.Futhermore, field trials on T2, T3 and T4 progenies of Line 16-13 were performed on scales of 123, 300 and 10,000 plants, respectively, in consecutive years 1996, 1997 and 1998 with the permission of the Chinese government authority. The transgenic plants displayed delayed symptom development and significantly milder disease severity in field conditions when compared to untransformed chili pepper plants, resulting in 47 and 110% increase in pepper fruit yield in surveys conducted in 1997 and 1998 trials, respectively. Finally, quality analysis and biosafety assesment were performed on transgenic chili pepper fruit concurrently with the control fruit, and demonstrated that the transgenic chili pepper fruit is substantially equivalent to the non-transgenic pepper in terms of the quality and biosafety when consumed as a food additive.     

粉纹夜蛾细胞系QB—Tn9-4s的克隆以及克隆株生物学特性的研究

对粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni细胞系QB-Tn9-4s进行细胞克隆,获得了8个细胞克降株,分别命名为QB-Tn-A、B、C、D、E、F、G和H.对基因组DNA进行RAPD-PCR鉴定,各细胞克隆株与原始细胞系具有相同的DNA扩增谱带.各细胞克隆株在形态和生物学特性方面表现出一定的差异.克隆株QB-Tn-A、B、c、D和E以梭形细胞为主,大约占细胞总数的60%～80%;F、G和H以棒状细胞为主,比例分别为44.5%、49.5%和80.O%.8个克隆株对苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)均较敏感,感染率均在92%以上,平均每个细胞病毒多角体(OBs)产量在78～110个之间,其中克隆株QB-Tn-A多角体产量最高达110个,略高于BTI-Tn5Bl-4和QB-Tn9-4s,明显高于Sf-9细胞;克隆株QB-Tn-E、H、A和C的fIJ芽性病毒(BV)产量与原始细胞系(3.37×107TCID50/mL)接近,而其它4株均低于原始细胞系.