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排序方式: 共有59条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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2.
Immunocytochemical identification of proliferating cell types in mouse mammary gland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A Sapino L Macrì P Gugliotta G Bussolati 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》1990,38(11):1541-1547
To study cell proliferation in different cell types and segments of the mammary gland, we devised a dual staining procedure, combining nuclear labeling by 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) uptake (revealed by a dark-brown precipitate) and an alternative (red or blue) cytoplasmic labeling by antibodies specific for the differentiation proteins of epithelial, myoepithelial, and secretory cell types. The following markers, revealed by APAAP or beta-galactosidase procedure, were selected: alpha-smooth muscle actin for the myoepithelial cells, keratin (detected by AE1 monoclonal) for the luminal epithelial cells, alpha-lactalbumin and beta-casein for the secretory cells. To follow the full process of organogenesis, the study was conducted in mouse mammary glands from virgin, primed, and lactating animals and from glands cultured in vitro under specific hormone stimulation. Cell proliferation was localized mainly in focal areas (end buds), and mostly corresponded to "null" undifferentiated cells. Estrogen and progestin stimulation induced a relative increase of proliferating differentiated cells of either epithelial or myoepithelial type, localized in ducts and alveolar structures. Prolactin stimulation induced proliferation in secretory cells. 相似文献
3.
Dani?l P Melters Keith R Bradnam Hugh A Young Natalie Telis Michael R May J Graham Ruby Robert Sebra Paul Peluso John Eid David Rank José Fernando Garcia Joseph L DeRisi Timothy Smith Christian Tobias Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra Ian Korf Simon WL Chan 《Genome biology》2013,14(1):R10
Background
Centromeres are essential for chromosome segregation, yet their DNA sequences evolve rapidly. In most animals and plants that have been studied, centromeres contain megabase-scale arrays of tandem repeats. Despite their importance, very little is known about the degree to which centromere tandem repeats share common properties between different species across different phyla. We used bioinformatic methods to identify high-copy tandem repeats from 282 species using publicly available genomic sequence and our own data.Results
Our methods are compatible with all current sequencing technologies. Long Pacific Biosciences sequence reads allowed us to find tandem repeat monomers up to 1,419 bp. We assumed that the most abundant tandem repeat is the centromere DNA, which was true for most species whose centromeres have been previously characterized, suggesting this is a general property of genomes. High-copy centromere tandem repeats were found in almost all animal and plant genomes, but repeat monomers were highly variable in sequence composition and length. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of sequence homology showed little evidence of sequence conservation beyond approximately 50 million years of divergence. We find that despite an overall lack of sequence conservation, centromere tandem repeats from diverse species showed similar modes of evolution.Conclusions
While centromere position in most eukaryotes is epigenetically determined, our results indicate that tandem repeats are highly prevalent at centromeres of both animal and plant genomes. This suggests a functional role for such repeats, perhaps in promoting concerted evolution of centromere DNA across chromosomes. 相似文献4.
Undevia NS Dorscheid DR Marroquin BA Gugliotta WL Tse R White SR 《American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology》2004,287(3):L515-L524
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) belongs to a family of multifunctional cytokines that regulate a variety of biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The effects of TGF-beta1 are cell context and cell cycle specific and may be signaled through several pathways. We examined the effect of TGF-beta1 on apoptosis of primary human central airway epithelial cells and cell lines. TGF-beta1 protected human airway epithelial cells from apoptosis induced by either activation of the Fas death receptor (CD95) or by corticosteroids. This protective effect was blocked by inhibition of the Smad pathway via overexpression of inhibitory Smad7. The protective effect is associated with an increase in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and was blocked by the overexpression of key gatekeeper cyclins for the G1/S interface, cyclins D1 and E. Blockade of the Smad pathway by overexpression of the inhibitory Smad7 permitted demonstration of a TGF-beta-mediated proapoptotic pathway. This proapoptotic effect was blocked by inhibition of the p38 MAPK kinase signaling with the inhibitor SB-203580 and was associated with an increase in p38 activity as measured by a kinase assay. Here we demonstrate dual signaling pathways involving TGF-beta1, an antiapoptotic pathway mediated by the Smad pathway involving p21, and an apoptosis-permissive pathway mediated in part by p38 MAPK. 相似文献
5.
Romano L Scuteri A Gugliotta T Romano P de Luca G Sidoti A Amato A 《Cell biology international》2002,26(5):421-426
This study aimed to show that modifications in intracellular metabolism are implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension. In fact, total magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium concentrations, measured in the erythrocytes of normotensive, diabetic and hypertensive patients, have given the following results: a lower intracellular potassium concentration in the erythrocytes of diabetic and hypertensive patients than the erythrocytes of normotensive patients and a more elevated sodium, magnesium, calcium concentrations in the erythrocytes of diabetic and hypertensive patients than the normotensive.Because of the importance of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in metabolic enzyme regulation and their interaction with both Hb and band 3 protein, we examined SO4(2-) kinetic influx in the erythrocytes of normotensive, hypertensive and diabetic patients. The kinetic plots showed different profiles over the three groups and the fluxes were found to be 0.024, 0.061 and 0.072 mmol x (l cells x min)(-1) in normotensive, hypertensive and diabetic patients, respectively. We also found that the Vmax and Km of sulphate influx, obtained by Hofstee plots, increased in the erythrocytes of hypertensive and diabetic patients compared with control cells. In contrast, sulphate influx in the erythrocytes of diabetic and hypertensive patients in the presence of Nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, showed no difference either in the rate constants or in the kinetic profiles, compared to the normotensive control subjects. 相似文献
6.
Dalil Hannani Marie Vétizou David Enot Sylvie Rusakiewicz Nathalie Chaput David Klatzmann Melanie Desbois Nicolas Jacquelot Nadège Vimond Salem Chouaib Christine Mateus James P Allison Antoni Ribas Jedd D Wolchok Jianda Yuan Philip Wong Michael Postow Andrzej Mackiewicz Jacek Mackiewicz Dirk Schadendorff Dirk Jaeger Alan J Korman Keith Bahjat Michele Maio Luana Calabro Michele WL Teng Mark J Smyth Alexander Eggermont Caroline Robert Guido Kroemer Laurence Zitvogel 《Cell research》2015,25(2):208-224
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)-blocking antibody ipilimumab induces immune-mediated long-term control of metastatic melanoma in a fraction of patients. Although ipilimumab undoubtedly exerts its therapeutic effects via immunostimulation, thus far clinically useful, immunologically relevant biomarkers that predict treatment efficiency have been elusive. Here, we show that neutralization of IL-2 or blocking the α and β subunits of the IL-2 receptor (CD25 and CD122, respectively) abolished the antitumor effects and the accompanying improvement of the ratio of intratumoral T effector versus regulatory cells (Tregs), which were otherwise induced by CTLA-4 blockade in preclinical mouse models. CTLA-4 blockade led to the reduction of a suppressive CD4+ T cell subset expressing Lag3, ICOS, IL-10 and Egr2 with a concomitant rise in IL-2-producing effector cells that lost FoxP3 expression and accumulated in regressing tumors. While recombinant IL-2 improved the therapeutic efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade, the decoy IL-2 receptor α (IL-2Rα, sCD25) inhibited the anticancer effects of CTLA-4 blockade. In 262 metastatic melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab, baseline serum concentrations of sCD25 represented an independent indicator of overall survival, with high levels predicting resistance to therapy. Altogether, these results unravel a role for IL-2 and IL-2 receptors in the anticancer activity of CTLA-4 blockade. Importantly, our study provides the first immunologically relevant biomarker, namely elevated serum sCD25, that predicts resistance to CTLA-4 blockade in patients with melanoma. 相似文献
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8.
Activation of hypothalamic RIP‐Cre neurons promotes beiging of WAT via sympathetic nervous system
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Baile Wang Ang Li Xiaomu Li Philip WL Ho Donghai Wu Xiaoqi Wang Zhuohao Liu Kelvin KL Wu Sonata SY Yau Aimin Xu Kenneth KY Cheng 《EMBO reports》2018,19(4)
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat by cold increases energy expenditure. Although their activation is known to be differentially regulated in part by hypothalamus, the underlying neural pathways and populations remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that activation of rat‐insulin‐promoter‐Cre (RIP‐Cre) neurons in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) preferentially promotes recruitment of beige fat via a selective control of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow to subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), but has no effect on BAT. Genetic ablation of APPL2 in RIP‐Cre neurons diminishes beiging in sWAT without affecting BAT, leading to cold intolerance and obesity in mice. Such defects are reversed by activation of RIP‐Cre neurons, inactivation of VMH AMPK, or treatment with a β3‐adrenergic receptor agonist. Hypothalamic APPL2 enhances neuronal activation in VMH RIP‐Cre neurons and raphe pallidus, thereby eliciting SNS outflow to sWAT and subsequent beiging. These data suggest that beige fat can be selectively activated by VMH RIP‐Cre neurons, in which the APPL2–AMPK signaling axis is crucial for this defending mechanism to cold and obesity. 相似文献
9.
FOXM1 Transcription Factor: A New Component of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cell Proliferation Advantage
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Manuela Mancini Fausto Castagnetti Simona Soverini Elisa Leo Caterina De Benedittis Gabriele Gugliotta Gianantonio Rosti Luana Bavaro Sara De Santis Cecilia Monaldi Margherita Martelli Maria Alessandra Santucci Michele Cavo Giovanni Martinelli 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2017,118(11):3968-3975
10.
Yan-Fung Wong Qing Sheng Janet WL Chung Jacky KF Chan King L Chow 《BMC developmental biology》2010,10(1):82