Physiological and technological considerations for optimising mass algal cultures

The successful coupling between physiology andtechnology is central to the success of algalbiotechnology. Imperative is a proper understandingof the variables and their impacts on biomass and/orbiocompound production. The crux lies inphotosynthesis and the capturing of light energy atthe optimal rate for eventual maximal photochemistry(biosynthesis). It is in the hands of algalbiotechnologists to understand the dynamics andregulatory mechanisms of especially PSII (photosystemII) activity in order to advance this technologyfurther. Biophysical and technological optimisationand design aimed at maximising photon flux capture aresome of the avenues that needs be pursued. This needsto be augmented by molecular, biochemical andphysiological inputs. Unfortunately detailedsystematic analyses of the variables, theirinteraction and possible synergism have rarely beendone. The debate regarding the merits andproductivity in closed, either plate or tubular,vertical or horizontal, and open pond reactors need tobe resolved. Exciting developments regarding onlinemeasurements and feedback control for optimalproductivities are part of the solutions andapproaches that need to be followed. Multistagesystems that not only utilise autotrophic growth andstress components, but also combinedautotrophic/heterotrophic systems could providesolutions to specific production requirements. Theseand other important issues are addressed in theoverview. The challenges facing algalbiotechnologists and future research needs are also discussed.     

Implementation of an Electronic Monitoring and Evaluation System for the Antiretroviral Treatment Programme in the Cape Winelands District,South Africa: A Qualitative Evaluation

BackgroundA pragmatic three-tiered approach to monitor the world’s largest antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme was adopted by the South African National Department of Health in 2010. With the rapid expansion of the programme, the limitations of the paper-based register (tier 1) were the catalyst for implementation of the stand-alone electronic register (tier 2), which offers simple digitisation of the paper-based register. This article engages with theory on implementation to identify and contextualise enabling and constraining factors for implementation of the electronic register, to describe experiences and use of the register, and to make recommendations for implementation in similar settings where standardisation of ART monitoring and evaluation has not been achieved.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative evaluation of the roll-out of the register. This comprised twenty in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of stakeholders at facility, sub-district, and district levels of the health system. Facility-level participants were selected across five sub-districts, including one facility per sub-district. Responses were coded and analysed using a thematic approach. An implementation science framework guided interpretation of the data.ConclusionIn this study we found that relative advantage of an intervention and stakeholder engagement are critical to implementation. We suggest that without these aspects of implementation, formative and summative outcomes of implementation at both the adoption and coalface stages of implementation would be negatively affected.     

一种基于多特征的大肠杆菌启动子判别算法

主要对从一段DNA序列中提取出信息以判别其中是否含有启动子的问题进行了研究。首先从固定长度的序歹4中提取成分特征和结构特征,然后将这些特征输入到一个非线性分类器中进行判别。测试结果显示,在正集＆非编码区负集中,平均错误率降低为13．4％;在正集＆编码区负集中,平均错误率降低到17．0％。表明该方法是非常有效的。     

枯草芽孢杆菌262XY2'菌剂对番茄枯萎病的预防效果及其对相关抗性生化指标的影响

【目的】以番茄为供试作物,研究枯草芽孢杆菌262XY2''菌剂对番茄枯萎病的预防效果及其对番茄植株和根际土壤生化指标的影响,以期为菌剂在农业生产制备和生物安全应用中提供理论依据。【方法】设置不同固态菌剂添加量(分别占育苗基质质量的0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%和4.0%)的试验处理组与不添加固态菌剂的对照组(CK)进行番茄育苗,番茄四叶一心后移栽至花盆进行盆栽试验,定植6周后按照病情程度分级法测定供试菌剂对盆栽番茄枯萎病的预防效果;并测定番茄植株过氧化氢酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、几丁质酶活性和总巯基含量以及番茄根际土壤游离氨基酸含量、过氧化氢酶活性、N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性和脲酶活性等生化指标。【结果】0.5%菌剂处理的番茄根际土壤中游离氨基酸含量比CK高44.325%,N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性比CK高108.848%,过氧化氢酶活性比CK高16.472%,均为最高值;1.0%菌剂处理对番茄枯萎病的预防效果最佳,为73.485%,1.0%菌剂处理的番茄植株过氧化氢酶活性比CK高55.742%,过氧化物酶活性比CK高47.404%,超氧化物歧化酶活性比CK高39.433%,几丁质酶活性比CK高209.989%、番茄根际土壤脲酶活性比CK高12.063%,均为最高值;总巯基含量则以2.0%菌剂处理最高,比CK高191.304%。【结论】总体上,0.5%、1.0%和2.0%菌剂处理均不同程度提高了番茄防御酶活性,改善了番茄根际土壤的生化性质,3.0%和4.0%菌剂处理对番茄及其根际土壤各项生化指标影响效果不明显,甚至产生抑制作用。     

Discovery of <Emphasis Type=Italic>Ophiostoma tsotsi</Emphasis> on <Emphasis Type=Italic>Eucalyptus</Emphasis> wood chips in China

Ophiostoma species such as O. quercus are the most frequent causal agents of sapstain of freshly felled hardwood timber and pulpwood. Many species are regarded as economically important agents of wood degradation. The aim of this study was to identify a collection of Ophiostoma isolates, resembling O. quercus, found on stained Eucalyptus pulpwood chips in China. DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions, including the 5.8S region, of the ribosomal DNA, and parts of the β-tubulin and elongation factor-1α genes, revealed that the isolates were not O. quercus. Surprisingly, they represented O. tsotsi, a wound-infesting fungus recently described from hardwoods in Africa. In addition, sequence data from an isolate from agarwood in Vietnam, identified in a previous study as belonging to an unknown Pesotum species, were also shown to represent O. tsotsi. A high level of genetic variability was observed among isolates of both O. quercus and O. tsotsi. This was unexpected and suggests that both species have been present in Asia for a significant amount of time.     

Investigation of the electron density of iridium(I) Vaska-type complexes using DFT calculations and structural results: Structure of trans-carbonyl-chloro-bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)-iridium(I)

[Ir(CO)Cl(PCy₃)₂] was obtained by the slow attack of 1,2-dichloromethane on (Bu₄N)[Ir₂(μ-Dcbp)(CO)₂(PCy₃)₂] (Dcbp = 3,5-dicarboxylatepyrazole). The Ir-CO, Ir-Cl and Ir-P bond distances are 1.778(10), 2.374(3) and 2.3486(8) Å, respectively. The Ir-P bond distances for a number of different Vaska complexes indicate the shortest bond distances for phoshines containing electron withdrawing groups. An excellent correlation between DFT (OLYP/ZORA/TZP) and experimental structures is obtained as reflected by the RMSD values (H excluded) of between 0.083 and 0.268 Å for the different complexes studied. The calculated Ir-P bond distances and ν(CO) stretching frequencies closely follow the trends obtained from the experimental results.     

融合基因gfp-lacZ在克隆载体pGEM3Z-f(+)中高效表达

目的:将gfp基因克隆到pGEM3Z-f( )载体。方法:将PCR扩增得到的gfp基因插入到pGEM3Z-f( )质粒的SmaⅠ位点,构建重组质粒转化大肠杆菌DH5α。结果:含重组质粒的大肠杆菌在自然光下呈现黄绿色,而在涂X-gal的培养基上它不仅发出黄绿色荧光,而且还出现蓝色。结论:gfp基因的插入没有引起载体上lacZ基因的失活,而且形成的gfp-lacZ融合基因在大肠杆菌得到了表达。表达产物不仅具有GFP活性,而且保持了β-半乳糖苷酶的生物学活性。     

大肠杆菌多基因共表达策略

利用基因工程手段实现多个基因在同一宿主菌中共表达是大肠杆菌细胞发育调节研究和代谢途径改造的有效手段。介绍了单一转录单元的多基因共表达载体、多重转录单元的多基因共表达和单基因载体的构建原理、特点、优势及转化策略,并着重介绍了利用LIC衔接子实现基因在多基因载体上定位连接的原理和方法。     

富含蛋氨酸玉米醇溶蛋白在枯草芽胞杆菌中的表达

蛋氨酸是畜禽饲料中的第一限制性氨基酸,也是饲料产品进行质量控制与质量评价最为关注的指标之一。利用基因工程方法,从玉米胚乳中克隆高蛋氨酸蛋白基因（10kuδzein）,与pHT43构建重组表达质粒,将其转入枯草芽胞杆菌中,IPTG诱导其表达,发现重组菌在26ku处出现了1条明显条带。HPLC检测蛋氨酸含量,重组菌的蛋氨酸含量比野生型菌株提高了20．51％。该重组菌为以后将其做为饲料添加剂进一步应用提供了技术基础。     

关于生物医药产业园区建设的思考

概括了生物医药产业园区的发展历史,介绍了目前世界上几个主要国家和地区生物医药产业园区的发展现状,详细阐述了我国生物医药产业园区的发展现状,深入分析了目前我国生物医药产业园区存在的问题,最后提出了对我国生物医药产业园区的几点思考和发展对策。