The Effect of CSP310 on Lipid Peroxidation and Respiratory Activity in Winter Wheat Mitochondria

Certain concentrations of the cold-shock protein (CSP310) were shown to induce systems of lipid peroxidation (POL) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mitochondria in vitro. The process of nonenzymatic POL turned out to be the most sensitive to the presence of CSP310 in the incubation medium. The maximum induction of the enzymatic POL occurred at a higher CSP310 concentration. Wheat, maize (Zea mays L.), and elymus (Elymus sibiricus L.) proteins, which are immunochemically related to CSP310, did not manifest prooxidant properties, and, moreover, the elymus proteins had a clear-cut antioxidant effect. At the same time, these proteins uncoupled oxidation and phosphorylation to a far lesser extent than the winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CSP310. During low-temperature stress, the activation of uncoupling systems of wheat mitochondria by pyruvate, linoleic acid, and CSP310 was accompanied by an increase in oxygen consumption by seedlings and a decrease in the POL level.     

Mitochondrial Low-Molecular-Weight Heat-Shock Proteins and the Tolerance of Cereal Mitochondria to Hyperthermia

Relationships between the appearance of low-molecular-weight heat-shock proteins (LMW HSPs) in maize, winter wheat, and winter rye mitochondria and the tolerance of the mitochondria to hyperthermia (42°C, 3 h) were studied using one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, immunochemical methods, and polarography. Heat shock inhibited respiration to a greater extent in the wheat and rye than in the maize mitochondria. A single 20-kD LMW HSP was found both inside and on the surface of mitochondria isolated from heat-treated wheat and rye seedlings. After heating maize seedlings, two LMW HSPs (28 and 23 kD) appeared inside the mitochondria, and three proteins (22, 20, and 19 kD) appeared on their surface. We suppose that the latter three proteins play an essential role in the protection of mitochondria from hyperthermic damage. It seems likely that the diversity of the hyperthermia-induced LMW HSPs in plant mitochondria affects their thermal stability.     

Heat shock proteins in the mechanisms of stress adaptation in Baikal amphipods and Palaearctic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gammarus lacustris</Emphasis> Sars II. Small HSP family

The role of low-molecular-weight (small) heat shock proteins (sHSPs) in the mechanisms of thermal and toxic resistance in fresh-water organisms was investigated. The four endemic species of Lake Baikal: Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebb.), Eulimnogammarus cyaneus (Dyb.), E. vittatus (Dyb.), and Ommatogammarus flavus (Dyb.), and Gammarus lacustris Sars, a representative of the Palaearctic fauna, were studied. The effect of the temperature factor was evaluated by exposure of amphipods to temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C, and the effect of the toxic factor, by exposure to cadmium chloride solutions with concentrations of 50, 10, 5, 0.5, and 0.05 mg/l. All the species showed a common trend of increasing content of sHSPs; species-specific features were observed in the synthesis of the proteins. It was concluded that sHSPs participate in the mechanisms of thermal and toxic resistance in the investigated amphipod species.     

Salicylhydroxamic Acid-Resistant and Sensitive Components of Respiration in Chilling-Sensitive Plants Subjected to a Daily Short-Term Temperature Drop

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) is used in studies of plant respiratory metabolism as a specific inhibitor of alternative cyanide-resistant oxidase (AOX). The...     

Stress CSP310 Protein Uncouples Oxidative Phosphorylation Otherwise than Other Plant Uncoupling Proteins Do

The addition of cold shock CSP310 protein to mitochondria isolated from both monocotyledonous (rye, wheat, and maize) and dicotyledonous (pea) plants uncoupled oxidation from phosphorylation. This uncoupling was caused neither by the damage to mitochondrial membranes nor by the activation of alternative cyanide-resistant oxidase. As distinct from the classical plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein (PUMP), CSP310 uncoupling effect was insensitive to BSA. Therefore, we believe that the mechanism of CSP310 action differs from that of known plant uncoupling proteins.