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1.
Sergio M. Villordo Claudia V. Filomatori Irma Sánchez-Vargas Carol D. Blair Andrea V. Gamarnik 《PLoS pathogens》2015,11(1)
Many viral pathogens cycle between humans and insects. These viruses must have evolved strategies for rapid adaptation to different host environments. However, the mechanistic basis for the adaptation process remains poorly understood. To study the mosquito-human adaptation cycle, we examined changes in RNA structures of the dengue virus genome during host adaptation. Deep sequencing and RNA structure analysis, together with fitness evaluation, revealed a process of host specialization of RNA elements of the viral 3’UTR. Adaptation to mosquito or mammalian cells involved selection of different viral populations harvesting mutations in a single stem-loop structure. The host specialization of the identified RNA structure resulted in a significant viral fitness cost in the non-specialized host, posing a constraint during host switching. Sequence conservation analysis indicated that the identified host adaptable stem loop structure is duplicated in dengue and other mosquito-borne viruses. Interestingly, functional studies using recombinant viruses with single or double stem loops revealed that duplication of the RNA structure allows the virus to accommodate mutations beneficial in one host and deleterious in the other. Our findings reveal new concepts in adaptation of RNA viruses, in which host specialization of RNA structures results in high fitness in the adapted host, while RNA duplication confers robustness during host switching. 相似文献
2.
Neuronal gene expression in aluminum myelopathy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Parhad Irma M. Krekoski Craig A. Mathew Anil Tran Phu M. 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》1989,9(1):123-138
1. Aluminum administration to susceptible animal species results in neurofilament accumulation in neuronal perikarya and proximal axons. Pathogenetic studies in vivo have shown that aluminum rapidly associates with neuronal chromatin. Whether the effect of aluminum on DNA components plays a role in the production of the neurofibrillary lesion remains unclear. 2. In this study we used Northern analysis and in situ hybridization to evaluate mRNA levels of specific neuronal and glial components in the rabbit spinal cord at various times following aluminum administration. 3. Our results show that (a) all neuronal mRNAs evaluated (neurofilament triplet components, neuronal-specific enolase, and amyloid precursor protein) are markedly decreased, with no decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein; (b) the effect on neuronal gene expression occurs early and concurrently with the development of the neurofibrillary lesion and reverses rapidly after a single dose of aluminum; and (c) there is a direct correlation between the severity of the neurofibrillary lesion and the decrease in neuronal mRNA levels. 4. We interpret our results to mean that the accumulation of neurofilaments in this model is not due to a selective effect on neurofilament gene expression but may be due to an inhibition of genes coding for components involved in processing of neurofilament proteins. 相似文献
3.
The daily and seasonal distribution of airborne fungal particles was recorded in a high altitude tropical zone. Sampling was
carried out in the southern part of Mexico City. An Andersen air sampler was used over a period of six months. Ten minutes
sampling for each set of plates was done at fixed schedule: 07:30, 14:00 and 19:00 hours. The sampler was placed 10 m above
the ground. Daily variation was found to be associated with the season, weather and atmospheric stability. The highest value
of mold counts (3195 CFU m−3) was recorded in the evening on October, a transitional month between the rainy and the dry seasons, the lowest (45 CFU m−3) at noon during the rainy season. Mold counts were significantly correlated with temperature, having negative signs both
in the morning and at noon, and being positive in the evening. The abundance of only three genera was recorded.Cladosporium, was isolated more frequently, and its abundance at 14:00 h was of 38%;Alternaria represented 4.0%, at 14:00 h, andAspergillus 3.0% at 7:30 h. Fifteen species belonging to the latter genera were identified and most of them are considered as opportunistic
molds of clinical significance. 相似文献
4.
Salas-Prato Milagros Tanguay Jean-Francois Lefebvre Yves Wojciechowicz Don Liem H. Heng Barnes David W. Ouellette Ginette Muller-Eberhard Ursula 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1988,24(5):470-470
In Vitro Cellular &; Developmental Biology - Plant - 相似文献
5.
Cytogenetics of the European plethodontid salamanders of the genus Hydromantes (Amphibia,Urodela) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A karyological analysis was carried out on different European species of the genus Hydromantes (Plethodontidae). All the species examined share the same chromosome number (2n=28) and, with the exception represented by pair XIV, morphologically similar karyotypes. While the karyotypes display a similar distribution — mainly centromeric and pericentric — of C-heterochromatin, quantitative variations in pericentric heterochromatin are observed among species. In the continental species Hydromantes italicus and ambrosii as well as in the eastern Sardinian species imperialis, flavus and specie nova, pair XIV consists of heteromorphic sex chromosomes of the XX/XY type. It is proposed that the differentiation of the Y might have taken place through the occurrence of a structural rearrangement, such as a pericentric inversion, starting from a hypothetical, homomorphic pair XIV. A sex-related heteromorphism is not found in the western Sardinian species H. genei. A further karyological differentiation among these species concerns the position of the nucleolus organizing region (NOR), which is located on chromosome XII (H. italicus and ambrosii) or on chromosome X, close to the centromere (H. genei, H. imperialis and H. specie nova), or in an intercalary position (H. flavus). The location and the number of the 5 S DNA sites have been conserved during species divergence. On the basis of these karyological data, as well as of results obtained through a preliminary restriction enzyme analysis of the ribosomal and genomic DNAs, the phyletic relationships among the European Hydromantes species are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Irma van Die Ingrid van Megen Wiel Hoekstra Hans Bergmans 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1984,194(3):528-533
Summary The genes responsible for the formation of the F72 fimbriae of the uropathogenic E. coli strain AD110 (O6:K2:H1:F7) have been cloned on the recombinant plasmid pPIL110-35 (Van Die et al. 1983). The F72 fimbriae, like the F71 fimbriae of AD110, are responsible for mannose resistant haemagglutination (MRHA).The molecular organisation of the genes of pPIL110-35 involved in the expression of MRHA was studied by: (a) analysis of transposon and Tn5 insertion mutants. Mutations that cause an MRHA-deficient phenotype were located in discrete groups within an 11.5 kb restriction fragment of pPIL110-35, separated by insertion mutations that do not inactivate MRHA. (b) complementation experiments. Restriction fragments of pPIL110-35 subcloned in the vector pBR322 were tested for their ability to complement transposon insertion mutations in the corresponding regions of pPIL110-35. Five complementation groups were distinguished.Five genes (designated A-E) involved in the expression of MRHA can be distinguished by these results. The products of these genes were analysed in minicells. The results indicate that gene B codes for a 75 K dalton protein, gene C for a 23 K dalton protein and gene E for a 36 K dalton protein. No product of gene D was observed. Gene A probably codes for the 17 K dalton subunit polypeptide of the F72 fimbriae, as will be discussed. 相似文献
7.
Summary Newborn rat adipocyte precursors, isolated from inguinal fat pads of 2 day-old NBR rats proliferate and undergo adipose differentiation
in defined medium in the absence of serum when cultivated on polylysine coated dishes in DME-F12 medium supplemented with
fibronectin, insulin, transferrin and FGF. After 7 days in culture in these conditions, 90% of the cells have undergone differentiation
as measured by the increase of G3PDH specific activity and by the accumulation of triglycerides in their cytoplasm. In contrast,
the cells cultivated in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum, have a limited ability to differentiate. These results indicate
that newborn rat adipocyte precursors from inguinal fat pads do not require the presence of an undefined adipogenic factor
in order to differentiate in culture. In contrast, proliferation and differentiation are dependent on the presence of insulin
in the culture medium. Moreover, the data presented in this paper show that the rat adipocyte precursor culture represents
a rapid and reproducible system for investigating the processes of adipose tissue development and for studying the negative
and positive regulators of the adipose differentiation in a controlled environment.
This work was supported by grants from the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation, File #185221 and from the National Institutes of
Health 1 PO1 CA37589.
Editor’s Statement This paper extends to primary cultures the serum-free methods previously applied to studies of adipocyte
differentiation in established lines. The observation that serum can block differentiation in this system suggests the existence
of previously unrecognized circulating plasma or platelet factors affecting adipocyte differentiation, and the model developed
provides an assay for the identification of these factors. 相似文献
8.
Ginette Pauly Abdelhamid Yani Louis Piovetti Colette Bernard-Dagan 《Phytochemistry》1983,22(4):957-959
The essential oils of the leaves of Cupressus dupreziana and Cupressus sempervirens were compared. The composition of the hydrocarbon fraction showed a great similarity between the two species. 相似文献
9.
A novel type of DNA-binding protein interacts with a conserved sequence in an early nodulin ENOD12 promoter 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
10.
Paclobutrazol [(2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol], a triazole growth retardant, increased the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) level and resulted in reduced ethylene production, estimated as ethylene release in a closed system or by vacuum-extraction, in the primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Juliska seedlings exposed to light. At the light/dark transition, a definite enhancement of the endogenous ethylene level was observed by vacuum-extraction of primary leaves of treated plants and the ethylene deficiency of retardant-treated leaves ceased. The concentration of ACC after the light/dark transition followed the pattern for ethylene, and the increase in ACC content was paralleled by a decrease in malonyl-ACC.
It is concluded that the internal level of ethylene is not necessarily lower in the primary leaves of paclobutrazol-treated bean plants, but under special environmental conditions in vivo it may reach that of the control. 相似文献
It is concluded that the internal level of ethylene is not necessarily lower in the primary leaves of paclobutrazol-treated bean plants, but under special environmental conditions in vivo it may reach that of the control. 相似文献