全文获取类型
收费全文 | 328篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
专业分类
352篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 20篇 |
2012年 | 17篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 16篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1935年 | 2篇 |
1933年 | 2篇 |
1921年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有352条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Characterization of methylphosphonate as a 31P NMR pH indicator 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The 31P NMR pH indicator, methylphosphonate, has been extensively characterized, and the uncertainty in pH determination by its chemical shift has been analyzed. The pKa decreases by 0.003 pH unit/degrees C and 0.06 pH unit/100 mM ionic strength. The pKa appears not to be sensitive to Ca2+ but is sensitive to Mg2+, resulting in an uncertainty of +/- 0.05 pH unit. Substituting 300 mM Na+ for 300 mM K+ causes the pKa to decrease by 0.1 pH unit. Taking the effects of temperature, ionic strength, and cation identity into account, the overall estimated uncertainty in pH determination can be as high as +/- 0.1 pH unit. Methylphosphonate was tested as a pH indicator in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Our data indicate that both the unchanged and monoanion forms of methyl phosphonate are very permeable, rendering this compound unsuitable as a pH indicator in this system. However, the sensitivity of this compound's chemical shift to pH and the relative insensitivity to other parameters suggest that phosphonates, as a group, may be applicable as pH indicators by 31P NMR. 相似文献
4.
Students are introduced to techniques of physical examination at medical school. However, their skills are deficient at the time of graduation, and with the increasing shift of clinical teaching away from the bedside and into the conference room it is expected that these skills will weaken in succeeding generations of physicians. A practical and satisfactory method of addressing this problem during internship and residency training has not been forthcoming because of the lack of a regular forum for the teaching of clinical skills in busy tertiary referral hospitals and the shortage of teachers with the necessary skills and commitment to teaching a large number of house staff. We describe a program whose unique hierarchical approach has permitted a detailed ongoing review of physical examination. One clinician was able to teach 24 residents by instructing a small group of senior residents, who in turn, after practising with clinical clerks, taught groups of junior residents. 相似文献
5.
M R Sears H H Rea R P Rothwell T V O'Donnell P E Holst A J Gillies R Beaglehole 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1986,293(6558):1342-1345
Causes for the high mortality from asthma in New Zealand were investigated by comparing deaths from asthma in caucasian subjects aged 15-64 in New Zealand with those from asthma in the same age group in two regions in England. There were no significant differences in the accuracy of death certification. The verified asthma mortality in New Zealand (4.2/100,000) was over twice that in England. Many characteristics of patients and management, including poor compliance with treatment and deficiencies in long term and emergency care, were qualitatively similar in the two countries. New Zealand had an apparently higher rate of non-preventable deaths from asthma, suggesting a greater severity of asthma in New Zealand. In both countries, however, most deaths were associated with poor assessment, underestimation of severity and inappropriate treatment (over-reliance on bronchodilators and underuse of systemic corticosteroids), and delays in obtaining help. A greater frequency of some of these deficiencies in management remains a possible additional explanation for part of the excess mortality in New Zealand. 相似文献
6.
7.
James D. Pancook Jürgen C. Becker Stephen D. Gillies R. A. Reisfeld 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1996,42(2):88-92
A major problem in the treatment of solid tumors is the eradication of established, disseminated metastases. Here we describe
an effective treatment for established experimental hepatic metastases of human neuroblastoma in C. B.-17 scid/scid mice. This was accomplished with an antibody-cytokine fusion protein, combining the unique targeting ability of antibodies
with the multifunctional activity of cytokines. An anti-(ganglioside GD2) antibody (ch14.18) fusion protein with interleukin-2
(ch14.18-IL2), constructed by fusion of a synthetic sequence coding for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) to the carboxyl end of
the Cγ1 gene of ch14.18, was tested for its therapeutic efficacy against xenografted human neuroblastoma in vivo. The ch14.18-IL2
fusion protein markedly inhibited growth of established hepatic metastases in SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice
previously reconstituted with human lymphokine-activated killer cells. Animals treated with ch14.18-IL2 showed an absence
of macroscopic liver metastasis. In contrast, treatment with combinations of ch14.18 and recombinant IL2 at dose levels equivalent
to the fusion protein only reduced the tumor load. Survival times of SCID mice treated with the fusion protein were more than
double that of control animals. These results demonstrate that an immunotherapeutic approach using a cytokine targeted by
an antibody to tumor sites is highly effective in eradicating the growth of established tumor metastases.
Received: 7 November 1995 / Accepted: 15 December 1995 相似文献
8.
9.
There is abundant evidence implicating a role for intracellular pH (pHin) in the proliferative response of many cells to mitogenic agents. In mammalian cells, pHin is generally regulated by two systems: Na+/H+ exchange and HCO3- transport. Activation of Na+/H+ exchange is one of the earliest responses of mammalian cells to mitogens. In the absence of HCO3-, this activation raises the pHin. However, in the presence of HCO3-, the effect of mitogens on the pHin is unclear. HCO3- regulates pHin via mechanisms which can either acidify or alkalinize the cytosol, depending on the cell type and tissue of origin. BALB/c 3T3 mouse embryo cells are employed in the present study because they are used extensively in investigations of mammalian cell proliferation. Since these cells are of indefinite origin, there is no way to predict which HCO3- transporting system is operable in these cells and, hence, what effect HCO3- will have on the pHin and the response of pHin to mitogens. In the present article, we examine the mechanism and effect of HCO3(-)-based pHin regulation. Our results indicate that HCO3(-)-dependent pHin regulation in BALB/c 3T3 cells occurs via Na-HCO3/HCl exchange which raises pHin under physiological conditions. This activity can raise the pHin to above the set point of the activated Na+/H+ exchanger, consequently attenuating the mitogen-induced Na+/H+ exchange-mediated increases in pHin. 相似文献
10.
The levels of meiotic chromosome pairing abnormalities observed in six Australian F1 Bos indicus x Bos taurus cattle crosses (mean = 23%) were significantly higher than those of the full-blood breeds (9%). The abnormal configurations in the F1 hybrids included partial pairing failure, multivalents, interlocks, and inversion pairing. Abnormal configurations were also present, but at lower frequency, in backcross hybrid bulls. The main types of abnormal configurations and the levels of XY-autosomal associations and autosomal asynapsis observed were unlikely to cause significant fertility problems in the hybrids. 相似文献