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Schlacher Thomas A. Gilby Ben L. Olds Andrew D. Henderson Christopher J. Connolly Rod M. Peterson Charles H. Voss Christine M. Maslo Brooke Weston Michael A. Bishop Melanie J. Rowden Ashley 《Ecosystems》2020,23(4):906-916
Ecosystems - Ecotones can form hot spots of biodiversity by containing species from multiple ecosystems. Because biodiversity is often linked to ecological function, we posit that rates of key... 相似文献
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Zarin P. Machanda Ian C. Gilby Richard W. Wrangham 《International journal of primatology》2013,34(5):917-938
Although male–female relationships can offer a number of advantages such as protection or social support, they are poorly studied among primates compared to same-sex relationships. We used 12 yr of data from the Kanyawara chimpanzee community to compare three independent measures of association (party association, 5m association, and grooming) among all adult dyads. Party association exhibited by male–female dyads was of intermediate strength between strong male–male and weak female–female association. Male–female dyads were less likely to be within 5m of one another and to groom as male–male dyads, but equally likely to be within 5m and more likely to groom as female–female dyads. Variation in male–female association strength was not related to male rank but was affected by female ranging patterns and female reproductive states. Females with core areas in the center of the home range were more likely to be in parties with males but did not show higher spatial proximity or grooming indices compared to females ranging in the periphery. Party association and 5m indices were higher for dyads of males and estrous females compared to those with anestrous females. These results indicate that male–female dyads are likely to associate with one another more often than female–female dyads because of overlapping ranging patterns and short-term changes in female reproductive state. We conclude that male and female chimpanzees do not exhibit proximity and grooming patterns indicative of strong affiliative bonds. This study also highlights the importance of using multiple independent measures of bond strength in studies of primate social dynamics. 相似文献
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Henderson Christopher J. Stevens Tim Lee Shing Y. Gilby Ben L. Schlacher Thomas A. Connolly Rod M. Warnken Jan Maxwell Paul S. Olds Andrew D. 《Ecosystems》2019,22(6):1368-1380
Ecosystems - Animals are central to numerous ecological processes that shape the structure and function of ecosystems. It follows that species that are strongly linked to specific functions can... 相似文献
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Gilby IC Pokempner AA Wrangham RW 《Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology》2010,81(5):254-264
Focal sampling is the most accurate method for measuring primate activity budgets but is sometimes impractical. An alternative is scan sampling, in which the behaviour of the group is recorded at regular intervals. The simplest technique is to record whether at least 1 animal is engaged in the behaviour of interest. By direct comparison with focal data collected simultaneously on the same population, we assess the validity of this simple group level sampling method for studying chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) feeding behaviour. In a 13-month study at Kanyawara, Kibale National Park, Uganda, group level scan sampling provided statistically similar measures of broad diet composition to those produced by focal data, despite considerable seasonal variation. Monthly means of the percentage of time spent consuming non-fig fruit calculated from group level scan sampling were highly correlated with those from focal sampling. This validates previous methodology used to identify periods of high energy availability. However, group level scans tended to overestimate the percentage of observation time spent feeding, particularly for adult males. We conclude that this method of group level scan sampling provides valuable data for characterizing broad diet choice in chimpanzees and other species, but may be of limited use for estimating individual feeding time. 相似文献
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R. H. Fox D. C. Wilkins J. A. Bell R. D. Bradley N. L. Browse W. I. Cranston T. H. Foley E. D. Gilby Ann Hebden B. S. Jenkins M. D. Rawlins 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1973,2(5868):693-695
The case of a patient with episodic hypothermia and profuse sweating believed to be due to diencephalic epilepsy is reported. Despite intensive investigations no other manifestations of hypothalamic dysfunction were found. Conventional antiepileptic drugs were without effect but the patient was successfully treated by total sympathectomy. 相似文献
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B. L. Gilby C. J. Henderson I. R. Tibbetts D. D. Burfeind 《Journal of fish biology》2016,89(3):1905-1912
The influence of two cryptic, seagrass‐inhabiting omnivorous fishes, the fan‐bellied leatherjacket Monacanthus chinensis and the variable sabretoothed blenny Petroscirtes variabilis, on seagrass epiphyte biomass are described. Overall, M. chinensis significantly reduced epiphyte biomass by 35·1% after 18 h in experimental aquaria, whilst P. variabilis showed a non‐significant 15·7% reduction. It is concluded that some cryptic omnivorous species play an important role in epiphyte removal in seagrass beds. 相似文献
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Transparency,usability, and reproducibility: Guiding principles for improving comparative databases using primates as examples
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Carola Borries Aaron A. Sandel Andreas Koenig Eduardo Fernandez‐Duque Jason M. Kamilar Caroline R. Amoroso Robert A. Barton Joel Bray Anthony Di Fiore Ian C. Gilby Adam D. Gordon Roger Mundry Markus Port Lauren E. Powell Anne E. Pusey Amanda Spriggs Charles L. Nunn 《Evolutionary anthropology》2016,25(5):232-238