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1.
Profile of the alpha-bungarotoxin-binding regions on the extracellular part of the alpha-chain of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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The continuous alpha-neurotoxin-binding regions on the extracellular part (residues 1-210) of the alpha-chain of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor were localized by reaction of 125I-labelled alpha-bungarotoxin with synthetic overlapping peptides spanning this entire part of the chain. The specificity of the binding was confirmed by inhibition with unlabelled toxin and, for appropriate peptides, with unlabelled anti-(acetylcholine receptor) antibodies. Five toxin-binding regions were localized within residues 1-10, 32-41, 100-115, 122-150 and 182-198. The third, fourth and fifth (and to a lesser extent the first and second) toxin-binding regions overlapped with regions recognized by anti-(acetylcholine receptor) antibodies. The five toxin-binding regions may be distinct sites or, alternatively, different 'faces' in one (or more) sites. 相似文献
2.
Brigitte Aupetit Alexandre Ghazi Nicole Blanchouin Ren e Toury Emmanuel Shechter Jean-Claude Legrand 《BBA》1988,936(3):325-331
In this study we have measured, under experimental conditions which maintained efficient coupling, respiratory intensity, respiratory control, oxidative phosphorylation capacity and protonmotive force. Succinate cytochrome-c reductase and cytochrome-c oxidase activities were also studied. These investigations were carried out using kidney mitochondria from cyclosporine-treated rats (in vivo studies) and from untreated rats in the presence of cyclosporine (in vitro studies). Inhibition of respiratory intensity by cyclosporine did not exceed 21.1% in vitro and 15.9% in vivo. Since there was no in vitro inhibition of succinate cytochrome-c reductase and cytochrome-c oxidase activities, the slowing of electron flow observed can be interpreted as a consequence of an effect produced by cyclosporine between cytochromes b and c1. Cyclosporine had no effect on respiratory control either in vitro or in vivo. Statistically significant inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation was observed both in vitro (6.6%) and in vivo (12.1%). Moreover, cyclosporine did not induce any change of membrane potential either in vivo or in vitro. Our findings show that cyclosporine is neither a protonophore, nor a potassium ionophore. In cyclosporine-treated rats we noticed a decrease of protein in subcellular fraction, including the mitochondrial fraction. The role of the inhibition respiratory characteristics by cyclosporine in nephrotoxicity in vivo must take account of these two parameters: inhibition of the respiratory characteristics measured in vitro and diminution of mitochondrial protein in cyclosporine-treated rats. 相似文献
3.
C. Steven McDaniel Taghi Manshouri M. Zouhair Atassi 《Journal of Protein Chemistry》1987,6(5):455-461
A peptide corresponding to residues 26–41 of α-bungarotoxin, and closed by a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues
at the amino and C terminal ends of the peptide, was synthesized and the monomeric form was purified. The peptide, which represents
the exposed part of the long central loop of the toxin molecule, was examined for binding to acetylcholine receptor. The peptide
was shown by radiometric titrations to bind radiolabeled receptor, and radiolabeled peptide was bound by receptor. The specificity
of the binding was confirmed by inhibition with the parent toxin. A synthetic analog of the peptide in which Trp-28 was replaced
by glycine had very little (10%) of the original activity. Succinylation of the amino groups of the peptide resulted in virtually
complete (98%) loss of the binding activity. These results indicate that a shortened loop peptide corresponding to the region
26–41 of α-bungarotoxin exhibits binding activities mimicking those of the parent molecule. In this region, Trp-28, and one
or both of Lys-26 and Lys-38, are essential contact residues in the binding to receptor. 相似文献
4.
Strychnine and brucine, two related alkaloids that occur in plants belonging to theStrychnos species, were shown to have opposing effects on the elongation of the radicle of lettuce seeds. Strychnine was found to be inhibitory, whereas brucine was found to be stimulating to radicle elongation. Alkaloids, generally, are more commonly known for their inhibitory effects on plant growth rather than on their stimulating effects. 相似文献
5.
Biserka Mulac-Jericevic Taghi Manshouri Tsuyoshi Yokoi M. Zouhair Atassi 《Journal of Protein Chemistry》1988,7(2):173-177
A set of 18 synthetic uniform overlapping peptides spanning the entire extracellular part (residues 1–210) of the -subunit of human acetylcholine receptor were studied for their binding activity of125I-labeled -bungarotoxin and cobratoxin. A major toxin-binding region was found to reside within peptide 122–138. In addition, low-binding activities were obtained with peptides 34–49 and 194–210. It is concluded that the region within residues 122–138 constitutes a universal major toxin-binding region for acetylcholine receptor of various species. 相似文献
6.
This essay attempts to summarize some of the best evidence for the role of inositol trisphosphate as a second messenger in signal transduction processes. The following aspects are addressed in the essay: (a) The synthesis of inositol trisphosphate and other inositol lipids, (b) Receptor-phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate phospholipase C coupling and the N-ras protooncogene, (c) Inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium, (d) Cell growth and oncogenes, (e) Receptors linked to the phosphatidylinositol cycle, (f) Phototransduction and (g) Interactions between inositol trisphosphate and other second messengers.Abbreviations Cyclic AMP
Adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate
- Cyclic GMP
Guanosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate
- DG
sn, 1,2-Diacylglycerol
- EGF
Epidermal growth factor
- GDP
Guanosine diphosphate
- GTP
Guanosine triphosphate
- IP
Inositol 1-monophosphate
- IP2
Inositol 1,4-diphosphate
- IP3
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
- PA
Phosphatidic acid
- PDGF
Platelet-derived growth factor
- PI
Phosphatidylinositol
- PIP
Phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate
- PIP2
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- PIP3
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
- PLC
Phospholipase C 相似文献
7.
Biserka Mulac-Jericevic Taghi Manshouri Tsuyoshi Yokoi M. Zouhair Atassi 《The protein journal》1988,7(2):173-177
A set of 18 synthetic uniform overlapping peptides spanning the entire extracellular part (residues 1–210) of the α-subunit of human acetylcholine receptor were studied for their binding activity of125I-labeled α-bungarotoxin and cobratoxin. A major toxin-binding region was found to reside within peptide α122–138. In addition, low-binding activities were obtained with peptides α34–49 and α194–210. It is concluded that the region within residues α122–138 constitutes a universal major toxin-binding region for acetylcholine receptor of various species. 相似文献
8.
Immunochemical cross-reactivity of protein variants has been very frequently used to map protein antigenic sites. The approach is based on the assumption that amino acid substitutions affecting the binding of a protein to its antibody, particularly when monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used, must be part of the antigenic site and not far from it. The assumption was investigated in this study by determining the effects of amino acid substitutions outside the antigenic site on the reactivity of six myglobin (Mb) variants with three mAbs of predetermined specificity prepared by immunization with a free synthetic peptide representing region 113–120 (antigenic site 4) of Mb. Two of the Mb variants used had no substitutions within residues 113–120 (the region to which the specificity of the mAbs is directed) and yet exhibited markedly decreased cross-reactions and binding affinities, relative to the reference antigen, sperm-whale Mb. The other three Mb variants possessed substitutions within, as well as outside, region 113–120 and showed very little cross-reactivities. The results of this study, particularly with the Mbs that have no substitutions within the indicated antigenic site, clearly show that substitutions outside the site, and which by design are not part of the site, can influence very markedly the reactivity of the protein variant with the anti-site mAbs. The approach can, therefore, lead to serious errors if used to identify residues of protein antigenic sites. 相似文献
9.
Pterygodermatites variabilis n. sp. (Nematoda: Rictulalarioidea) from the Indian gerbils Tatera indica collected from Sind and Baluchistan Provinces of Pakistan is described and compared with closely related species of the genus
recovered from small mammalian hosts. The new species is characterised by a combination of the following characters: it possesses
a regular crown of 26 and 14–38 denticles in male and female specimens respectively, 40–47 pairs of pre-vulvar spines, and
a variable position of the vulva in specimens collected from different localities: it also differs in the size of the spicules
and gubernaculum. 相似文献
10.
Jan Dahmén Torbjörn Frejd Göran Magnusson Ghazi Noori Anne-Sofie Carlström 《Carbohydrate research》1984,125(2):237-245
The applicability of 2-bromoethyl glycosides in carbohydrate synthesis is demonstrated by the synthesis of glycosides of alpha-L-Fuc-(1----2)-D-Gal and beta-D-Gal-(1----4)-D-GlcNAc. The bromoethyl aglycon was transformed into the methoxycarbonylethylthioethyl spacer, which allowed coupling of the sugars to proteins (BSA and KLH). 相似文献