全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1117篇 |
免费 | 94篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 30篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 33篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 56篇 |
2013年 | 58篇 |
2012年 | 84篇 |
2011年 | 94篇 |
2010年 | 60篇 |
2009年 | 47篇 |
2008年 | 56篇 |
2007年 | 73篇 |
2006年 | 64篇 |
2005年 | 48篇 |
2004年 | 37篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 27篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1211条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
AbstractThe Argolis Peninsula covers the north-eastern part of Peloponnisos and is surrounded by the Gulf of Argosaronic. The area hosts three species of the genus Fritillaria: F. graeca, F. rhodocanakis and F. spetsiotica. Fritillaria graeca is a Greek endemic taxon and its distribution includes Peloponnisos, C & E Sterea Ellas, C Evia and in proximity to Sterea Ellas, Salamis and Kea islands, while the stenoendemic F. rhodocanakis and F. spetsiotica are mainly found on Idra and Spetses islands respectively. The last two taxa are included in the Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened Plants of Greece, while F. rhodocanakis is also included in the IUCN Red List. Hybridization among them is a common phenomenon in the areas where they coexist, leading to an array of morphologically and karyologically intermediate forms. The current study presents the taxa’s karyomorphometric analysis for the first time and reveals hybrids’ cytological variety, including differences in marker chromosomes, polyploidy and the number of B-chromosomes. 相似文献
3.
Sympathetic control of cerebral arteries: specialization in receptor type, reserve, affinity, and distribution 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The sympathetic neuroeffector system in the mammalian cerebral circulation has a number of distinctive features that reflect its specialized role in this vascular bed: 1) there is limited alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in large vessels that becomes progressively less important with branching; 2) contraction is limited by receptor number; small branches often seem to have no functional alpha adrenoceptors; 3) adrenoceptor affinity for norepinephrine is low and so is sensitivity; and 4) the dominant alpha-adrenoceptor subtype differs in different species and may have unique characteristics in some. There is a mechanism of non-alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction involving low-affinity receptor sites--extraceptors--activated by sympathetic nerves. The pig has a seemingly atypical sympathetic mechanism. On the basis of current information the sympathetic neuroeffector mechanisms of the rabbit seem most clearly related to the human. The size, pattern, and distribution of sympathetic control suggest that the role of the sympathetic nerves is to protect the smaller pial arteries against the consequences of sudden increases in sympathetic adrenal discharge. It is not an important mechanism of controlling cerebral blood flow. 相似文献
4.
The15N abundance of plants usually closely reflects the15N abundance of their major immediate N source(s); plant-available soil N in the case of non-N2-fixing plants and atmospheric N2 in the case of N2 fixing plants. The15N abundance values of these sources are usually sufficiently different from each other that a significant and systematic difference in the15N abundance between the two kinds of plants can be detected. This difference provides the basis for the natural15N abundance method of estimating the relative contribution of atmospheric N2 to N2-fixing plants growing in natural and agricultural settings. The natural15N abundance method has certain advantages over more conventional methods, particularly in natural ecosystems, since disturbance of the system is not required and the measurements may be made on samples dried in the field. This method has been tested mainly with legumes in agricultural settings. The tests have demonstrated the validity of this method of arriving at semi-quantitative estimates of biological N2-fixation in these settings. More limited tests and applications have been made for legumes in natural ecosystems. An understanding of the limits and utility of this method in these systems is beginning to emerge. Examples of systematic measurements of differences in15N abundance between non-legume N2-fixing systems and neighbouring non-fixing systems are more unusual. In principle, application of the method to estimate N2-fixation by nodulated non-legumes, using the natural15N abundance method, is as feasible as estimating N2-fixation by legumes. Most of the studies involving N2-fixing non-legumes are with this type of system (e.g., Ceanothus, Chamabatia, Eleagnus, Alnus, Myrica, and so forth). Resuls of these studies are described. Applicability for associative N2-fixation is an empirical question, the answer to which probably depends upon the degree to which fixed N goes predominantly to the plant rather than to the soil N pool. The natural15N abundance method is probably not well suited to assessing the contribution of N2-fixation by free-living microorganisms in their natural habitat, particularly soil microorganisms.This work was supported in part by subcontracts under grants from the US National Science Foundation (DEB79-21971 and BSR821618) 相似文献
5.
The chromosomal assignments of an expressed β-tubulin gene and two related sequences have been determined by Southern blot analysis of DNA from a panel of human X Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids cleaved with Hind III or EcoR I. Probes containing the 3′ untranslated regions of the expressed gene M40 and of pseudogene 21β were used to localize the M40 sequence (gene symbol TUBB) to chromosome 6 region 6p21 → 6pter, the 21β pseudogene (TUBBP1) to chromosome 8 region 8q21 → 8pter and a third related sequence (TUBBP2) to chromosome 13. Asynteny of expressed genes and related processed pseudogenes has now been demonstrated for several gene families. 相似文献
6.
The structures of the colicin Ib plasmid (ColIb), the delta transfer factor and a plasmid determining kanamycin resistance and colicin Ib production called KColIb, were compared. Radiolabelled mini-ColIb plasmids and isolated DNA fragments of ColIb were used as probes for nitrocellulose blots of digests of the other two large plasmids. The structure of delta was consistent with it having one large deletion of about 10 MDa in the SB fragment and two insertions of approximately 6 MDa and 12 MDa in the SB and SA fragments of the ColIb plasmid. It was hypothesized that KColIb had six small insertions in SA, SB, SE and near the junction of the SB and SD fragments. However, ColIb, KColIb and delta were homologous for at least 70% of their lengths. The highly conserved regions in the three plasmids were the regions that corresponded to fragments SA, SC and SD of ColIb. In addition, delta and KColIb differed from ColIb at similar sites. The possible evolution of these plasmids is discussed. 相似文献
7.
The developing rat placenta expresses two placental lactogens at different stages of pregnancy: rat placental lactogen I from Days 11 to 13 of pregnancy and rat placental lactogen II (rPLII) from Day 12 to term. In this paper, we describe cDNA clones for rPLII, which have been isolated from a Day 18 rat placental cDNA library. The rPLII clones hybrid-select a mRNA which translates in vitro to a protein of 25,000 daltons. This protein is processed by dog pancreatic microsomes to a 22,000-dalton form, identical in size to rPLII isolated from pregnant rat serum. Both forms are precipitated by an anti-rPLII antiserum and an anti-ovine prolactin antiserum. The mRNA for rPLII is first expressed in Day 12 placenta and reaches a maximum at about Day 18 of pregnancy, in parallel with the appearance of the hormone in serum. Sequencing of the cDNA shows that, unlike human placental lactogen which is 85% homologous to human growth hormone at the amino acid level, rPLII is much more closely related to the prolactins. Thus, rPLII is 52% homologous to rat prolactin at the amino acid level, but only 34% related to rat growth hormone. This is the second placental lactogen to be fully characterized, and in the rat this hormone appears to have evolved by a route quite different from that which produced placental lactogen in humans. 相似文献
8.
Purification and characteristics of an endogenous alpha-amylase inhibitor from barley kernels
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Plant physiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
An inhibitor of malted barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Conquest) α-amylase II was purified 125-fold from a crude extract of barley kernels by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and gel filtration on Bio-Gel P 60. The inhibitor was a protein with an approximate molecular weight of 20,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 7.3. The protein was homogeneous, as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acid analysis indicated the presence of about 9 half-cystine residues per mole. The neutral isoelectric point of the inhibitor suggested that some of the apparently acidic residues (glutamic and aspartic) existed in the amide form. The first twenty N-terminal amino acids were sequenced. Some homology appeared to exist between the α-amylase II inhibitor and trypsin inhibitor from barley. Complex formation between α-amylase II and the inhibitor was detected by the appearance of a new molecular weight species after gel filtration on Bio-Gel P 100. Enzyme and inhibitor had to be preincubated for 5 min, prior to assaying for enzyme activity before maximum inhibition was attained. Inhibition increased at higher pH values. At pH 5.5, an approximately 1100 molar excess of inhibitor over α-amylase II produced 40% inhibition, whereas, at pH 8.0, a 1:1 molar ratio of inhibitor to enzyme produced the same degree of inhibition. 相似文献
9.
Emmanuel Sivvas Georgia Voukelatou Dionissios Papaioannou Alexios J. Aletras Elias D. Kouvelas 《Journal of neurochemistry》1994,63(4):1544-1550
Abstract: The synthesis of (2 S ,3 S ,4 S )-4-[1-(4-azidobenzamidomethyl)ethenyl]-2-carboxy-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid (ABCPA) is described. This novel kainic acid analogue, bearing a photolabile functionality on the isopropenyl side chain, was proven to be a good inhibitor of [3 H]CNQX and [3 H]kainic acid binding on chick cerebellar membranes. [3 H]ABCPA was photoaffinity cross-linked on the membrane fraction of chick cerebellum. Electrophoretic analysis with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two major radioactive bands with apparent molecular masses of 45 and 33.5 kDa. [3 H]ABCPA incorporation in both bands was completely blocked by 2 m M CNQX. When photoaffinity labeling was performed in the presence of 2 m M kainic acid, incorporation of [3 H]ABCPA was blocked by ∼70% in the 45-kDa band and by 18% in the 33.5-kDa band. Incorporation of radioactivity in both bands was blocked by ∼30% with 10 m M glutamate. 相似文献
10.
A tightly associated serine/threonine protein kinase regulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity. 总被引:20,自引:8,他引:12
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Molecular and cellular biology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
C L Carpenter K R Auger B C Duckworth W M Hou B Schaffhausen L C Cantley 《Molecular and cellular biology》1993,13(3):1657-1665
We identified a serine/threonine protein kinase that is associated with and phosphorylates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase). The serine kinase phosphorylates both the 85- and 110-kDa subunits of PtdIns 3-kinase and purifies with it from rat liver and immunoprecipitates with antibodies raised to the 85-kDa subunit. Tryptic phosphopeptide maps indicate that p85 from polyomavirus middle T-transformed cells is phosphorylated in vivo at three sites phosphorylated in vitro by the associated serine kinase. The 85-kDa subunit of PtdIns 3-kinase is phosphorylated in vitro on serine at a stoichiometry of approximately 1 mol of phosphate per mol of p85. This phosphorylation results in a three- to sevenfold decrease in PtdIns 3-kinase activity. Dephosphorylation with protein phosphatase 2A reverses the inhibition. This suggests that the association of protein phosphatase 2A with middle T antigen may function to activate PtdIns 3-kinase. 相似文献