The fate of the fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone in maize cell suspension cultures

The fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone was transformed in cell suspension cultures of Zea mays giving α- and β-zearalenol and the β-D-glu cos ides of zearalenone and α- and β-zearalenol. The structure of zearalenone-4-β-D-glucopyranoside was determined by liquid — chromatography-mass spectrometry and specific hydrolysis with β-glucosidase. α- and β-zearalenol and their glucosides were identified by co chromatography using tic and HPLC and glucosidase — treatment Up to 50% of the mycotoxin added was bound to a non extractable or “bound” residue fraction. After treating this residue by a sequential cell wall fractionation procedure, zearalenone was found to be bound mainly to starch, hemicellulose, and lignin fractions.     

Protein bodies and vacuoles as lysosomes : investigations into the role of mannose-6-phosphate in intracellular transport of glycosidases in pea cotyledons

We have failed to detect the presence of mannose-6-phosphate in the oligosaccharide moiety of glycoproteins from pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Burpeeana) cotyledons using an assay system sensitive to 10 picomoles of mannose-6-phosphate. We were also unable to demonstrate any retention of glycosidase activity from pea seedlings and pea cotyledons on Sepharose-coupled phosphomannosyl receptor proteins isolated from bovine liver which were, however, able to retain phosphomannosylated hexosaminidase purified from Dictyostelium discoideum secretions. Furthermore, although Sepharose-coupled phosphomannosylated hexosaminidase from Dictyostelium was able to bind phosphomannosyl receptors from bovine liver we were unable to detect the retention of any protein from acetone powder extracts of pea seedlings or from endoplasmic reticulum-associated proteins of pea cotyledons.

Based on this collective evidence we conclude that mannose-6-phosphate does not appear to play a role in the targeting of hydrolytic enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the protein bodies in pea cotyledons.

     

Does small-sided-games’ court area influence metabolic,perceptual, and physical performance parameters of young elite basketball players?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of court size on physiological responses and physical performance of young elite basketball players. Twelve male basketball players (18.6 ± 0.5 years; 88.8 ± 14.5 kg; 192.6 ± 6.5 cm) from an under-19 team performed two small-sided games (matches) with different court areas (28x15 m and 28x9 m; 28x15 and 28x9 protocols). The number of players (3x3) was kept the same in each protocol. The players performed a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test before and after each match. Blood lactate concentration was collected before (pre) and after (post) the matches, and the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) was determined 30 minutes after the match. Best and mean time in the RSA test were not different between the 28x15 and the 28x9 match protocols (p > 0.05). A significant difference was observed for lactate concentration from pre- to post-match (p < 0.05) in both protocols (28x15 and 28x9); however, there was no significant interaction between protocols. A similar session-RPE mean score (28x15: 7.2 ± 1.4 and 28x9: 6.6 ± 1.4) was detected for both protocols (p > 0.05, ES=0.41). In summary, the results of the current study suggest that the different court areas induced similar responses. Although there was no significant difference in effort perception, players tended to perceive a greater effort in the larger court size.     

In vitro activity of novel dual action MDR anthranilamide modulators with inhibitory activity at CYP-450

Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity assays of new anthranilamide MDR modulators have been performed to assess their inhibition potency of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter. The aromatic spacer group between nitrogen atoms (N1 and N2) in the known inhibitor XR9576 was replaced with a flexible alkyl chain of 2 to 6 carbon atoms in length. 6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and their open-chain N-methylhomoveratrylamine counterparts were shown to be potent P-gp inhibitors. The maximal inhibition was obtained when using an ethyl or propyl spacer. Several compounds were more potent than verapamil and intrinsically less cytotoxic than XR9576. In addition, in vitro metabolism studies of 23a with a subset of human CYP-450 isoforms revealed that, unlike XR9576, 23a inhibited CYP3A4, an enzyme that colocalizes with P-gp in the intestine and contributes to tumor cell chemoresistance by enhancing the biodisposition of anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel toward metabolism. In this context, 22a might be a suitable candidate for further drug development.     

激光及γ射线对有丝分裂染色体畸变感应现象的比较

波长514nm的激光照射可用于研究激光导致有丝分裂染色体畸变的效应。本文提供了一种新的辐照系统,能用于研究突变的感应现象,并与从γ-线辐射源获得的结果进行了比较。 Abstract:Laser irradiation at wavelength 514 nm was used to study the effect of lasers in inducing chromosomal aberrations at mitosis.This study offers a new radiation system which could be used for the induction of mutations.Results are compared with those obtained from studies using γ-rays as irradiation source.     

Temporal Aspects in Evaluating the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Benefits of Using Residues from Forest Products Manufacturing Facilities for Energy Production

Methods for carbon footprinting typically combine all emissions into a single result, representing the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) over the life cycle. The timing of GHG impacts, however, has become a matter of significant interest. In this study, two approaches are used to characterize the timing of GHG emission impacts associated with the production of energy from various biomass residues produced by the forest products industry. The first approach accounts for the timing of emissions and characterizes the impact using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 100‐year global warming potentials (GWPs). The second is a dynamic carbon footprint approach that considers the timing of the GHG emissions, their fate in the atmosphere, and the associated radiative forcing as a function of time. The two approaches generally yield estimates of cumulative impacts over 100 years that differ by less than 5%. The timing of impacts, however, can be significantly affected by the approach used to characterize radiative forcing. For instance, the time required to see net benefits from a system using woody mill residues (e.g., bark and sawdust) is estimated to be 1.2 years when using a fully dynamic approach, compared to 7.5 years when using 100‐year GWPs, with the differences being primarily attributable to methane (CH₄). The results obtained for a number of different biomass residue types from forest products manufacturing highlight the importance of using a fully dynamic approach when studying the timing of emissions impacts in cases where emissions are distributed over time or where CH₄ is a significant contributor to the emissions.     

禽流感H5N1病毒感染BALB/c小鼠后多器官病变初探

为了研究禽流感H5N1病毒在各个器官的增殖和病理变化,在生物安全实验室,我们将禽流感H5N1病毒通过尾静脉接种BALB/C小鼠。结果小鼠在不经过适应的情况下,直接感染发病,甚至死亡。在观察的7天内,感染小鼠临床症状主要表现呼吸急促,体温、体重下降。尸检表现肺出血,心外膜坏死以及肝脏的坏死。组织病理检查表现心、肝、肺等多器官的病变。肺的病变伴有纤维化的弥漫性肺泡损伤;心肌外膜大量淋巴细胞浸润、坏死;肝细胞大量坏死,淋巴细胞浸润。心、肝的坏死病变在H5N1禽流感病毒相关的研究中未见报道。经过对各个组织器官的病毒载量的检测,未发现病毒在各个病变组织中的复制。免疫组化的检测,各个组织中也未检出阳性的细胞反应。因此,我们认为H5N1禽流感病毒感染小鼠引起多个器官组织的损伤,甚至死亡,不是病毒在器官的复制,而可能是病毒感染小鼠,产生炎症细胞因子的高度表达,损伤多个器官组织所致。