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1.
A noninvasive measurement of pharyngeal cross-sectional area (CSA) during sleep would be advantageous for research studies. We hypothesized that CSA could be calculated from the measured pharyngeal pressure and flow by finite element analysis (FEA). The retropalatal airway was visualized by using a fiber-optic scope to obtain the measured CSA (mCSA). Flow was measured with a pneumotachometer, and pharyngeal pressure was measured with a pressure catheter at the palatal rim. FEA was performed as follows: by using a three-dimensional image of the upper airway, a mesh of finite elements was created. Specialized software was used to allow the simultaneous calculation of velocity and area for each element by using the measured pressure and flow. In the development phase, 677 simultaneous measurements of CSA, pressure, and flow from one subject during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were entered into the software to determine a series of equations, based on the continuity and momentum equations, that could calculate the CSA (cCSA). In the validation phase, the final equations were used to calculate the CSA from 1,767 simultaneous measurements of pressure and flow obtained during wakefulness, NREM, and REM sleep from 14 subjects. In both phases, mCSA and cCSA were compared by Bland-Altman analysis. For development breaths, the mean difference between mCSA and cCSA was 0.0 mm2 (95% CI, -0.1, 0.1 mm2). For NREM validation breaths, the mean difference between mCSA and cCSA was 1.1 mm2 (95% CI 1.3, 1.5 mm2). Pharyngeal CSA can be accurately calculated from measured pharyngeal pressure and flow by FEA. 相似文献
2.
Jason H Mateika Chris Mendello Dany Obeid M Safwan Badr 《Journal of applied physiology》2004,96(3):1197-205; discussion 1196
We hypothesized that the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia is enhanced after exposure to episodic hypoxia in awake humans. Eleven subjects completed a series of rebreathing trials before and after exposure to eight 4-min episodes of hypoxia. During the rebreathing trials, subjects initially hyperventilated to reduce the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pet(CO(2))) below 25 Torr. Subjects then breathed from a bag containing normocapnic (42 Torr), low (50 Torr), or high oxygen (140 Torr) gas mixtures. During the trials, Pet(CO(2)) increased while a constant oxygen level was maintained. The point at which ventilation began to rise in a linear fashion as Pet(CO(2)) increased was considered to be the ventilatory recruitment threshold. The ventilatory response below and above the recruitment threshold was determined. Ventilation did not persist above baseline values immediately after exposure to episodic hypoxia; however, Pet(CO(2)) levels were reduced compared with baseline. In contrast, compared with baseline, the ventilatory response to progressive increases in carbon dioxide during rebreathing trials in the presence of low but not high oxygen levels was increased after exposure to episodic hypoxia. This increase occurred when carbon dioxide levels were above but not below the ventilatory recruitment threshold. We conclude that long-term facilitation of ventilation (i.e., increases in ventilation that persist when normoxia is restored after episodic hypoxia) is not expressed in awake humans in the presence of hypocapnia. Nevertheless, despite this lack of expression, the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia in the presence of hypercapnia is increased after exposure to episodic hypoxia. 相似文献
3.
Ahmed Gamal El-Din Fahmy 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》1997,6(4):241-247
Macrofossils of weeds retrieved from archaeological sediments in Egypt are discussed in terms of their presence, preservation and representation significance. The study reveals 112 field weeds from 61 archaeological sites dating from Predynastic times (4500 B.C.) up to the Graeco-Roman period (A.D. 395). Most of the remains were preserved by desiccation. The 112 listed species include 24 taxa from Predynastic Hierakonpolis (3800–3500 B.C.) identified for the first time. This study is based on a selection of 97 species from the entire list. Interpretation of field weed finds from the archaeological contexts is discussed. The highest number of species, 63, is recorded from the Pharaonic period. The Predynastic era is represented by 46 species and the Graeco-Roman period by 34. The intensive archaeological excavation of Pharaonic settlements may explain the rich flora of that period compared with the two others. Floristic analysis shows that 57 species were introduced in association with crops from the Middle East and 40 may belong to the native vegetation of the Nile valley. 相似文献
4.
Prostaglandin congeners wherein the 15-hydroxy group is moved to the C16, C17, or C20 position or is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group were prepared the 1,4-addition of a lithium trialkyl--alkenyl alanate to an appropriate cyclopentenone. Several of the 16-hydroxy derivatives showed significant activity as constrictors of the isolated gerbil colon and in bronchodilator and anti-secretory assays. 相似文献
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6.
Mohamed H. El-Newehy Ali Aldalbahi Badr M. Thamer Meera Moydeen Abdulhameed 《Luminescence》2024,39(3):e4688
Nano-biocomposites of inorganic and organic components wereprepared to produce long-persistent phosphorescent artificial nacre-like materials. Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA), graphene oxide (GO), and nanoparticles (13–20 nm) of lanthanide-doped aluminate pigment (NLAP) were used in a simple production procedure of an organic/inorganic hybrid nano-biocomposite. Both polylactic acid and GO nanosheets were chemically modified to form covalent and hydrogen bonding. The high toughness, good tensile strength, and great endurance of those bonds were achieved by their interactions at the interfaces. Long-persistent and reversible photoluminescence was shown by the prepared nacre substrates. Upon excitation at 365 nm, the nacre substrates generated an emission peak at 517 nm. When ultraviolet light was shone on luminescent nacres, they displayed a bright green colour. The high superhydrophobicity of the generated nacres was obtained without altering their mechanical characteristics. 相似文献
7.
8.
K F Badr C N Serhan K C Nicolaou B Samuelsson 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1987,145(1):408-414
Intrarenal administration of 750 ng/kg/min of LX-A in euvolemic rats resulted in significant increases in single nephron GFR (38.4 +/- 1.7 to 45.5 +/- 3.0 nl/min) and plasma flow rate (95 +/- 6 to 127 +/- 9 nl/min). The latter was due to a dramatic fall in afferent arteriolar resistance. Mean transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference increased from 33 +/- 1 to 43 +/- 3 mmHg (p less than 0.05) and the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient fell from 0.060 +/- 0.013 to 0.033 +/- 0.005 nl/(s X mmHg) (p less than 0.05). These responses to LXA in the renal microcirculation are in sharp contrast to those previously observed for the leukotrienes, and thus may represent the first example of counterregulatory (constrictor/dilator) vascular interactions within the lipoxygenase pathways. 相似文献
9.
Ahmed Ezz El-Arab Abd Al-Aliem Eman A.E. Badr Elsayed Ibrahem El-Shayeb Ahmed Megahed Ahmed Taman Abd El-naser Abd El-atty Gadallah 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2021
BackgroundTo date, the cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a mystery. A balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis maintains intestinal tissue homeostasis. Dissociation-induced myosin-actin contraction results in stem cell apoptosis. This study aiming to evaluate the influence of the myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on inflammatory bowel disease.Subjectsand methods: The study carried on eighty patients with IBD and seventy controls. All participants subjected to history taking, thorough physical examination, colonoscopy and laboratory investigations. Genotyping performed for rs4821480 and rs3752462 by SNP assay real-time PCR methods.ResultsOn analyzing rs3752462 CT and TT genotypes were significantly more frequent in IBD patients as compared to controls with 4.6 fold increase in the risk of IBD. While on analyzing rs4821480, The TG and GG genotypes have significant increased distribution among the IBD patients as compared to the controls with 5.3 fold increase in the risk of IBD and higher prevalence of GG genotype in patients with low hemoglobin level and higher BMI.ConclusionThe rs3752462 T allele and rs4821480 G allele of MYH9 are associated with more susceptibility to IBD. 相似文献
10.
Badr El-Sabah A. Fetoh Khalid A. Asiry 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(15):1848-1856
The biochemical effects of the chlorpyrifos organophosphate insecticide and camphor plant oil in addition to their combination were studied and compared against the fourth larval instars of the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory condition. Biochemical analysis showed that the total protein content of the cotton leaf worm larval instars was decreased at 31, 26 and 13.5% by using a camphor extract, chlorpyrifos and combination, respectively. In addition, the activity of acid phosphatase, α-esterase was significantly declined. Biochemical analysis also showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity was increased comparing with control in another side. Acetylcholinesterase enzyme amount and activity were increased with the treatment of camphor extract followed by chlorpyrifos, even though the mixture of them nearly showed the same amount in control trail. In contrast, chitinase enzyme showed a negative effect of both camphor and chlorpyrifos with nearly about the same lowering in the amount and activity of chitinase, while the mixture of them revealed a high positive increasing in the amount and activity of chitinase. On the opposite trend, phenoloxidase enzyme of treated larvae increased by action of chlorpyrifos, followed by camphor, while the mixture of them showed a negative decrease when comparing with the control. 相似文献