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1.
Human immunodeficiency virus neutralizing antibodies recognize several conserved domains on the envelope glycoproteins. 总被引:67,自引:42,他引:25
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D D Ho M G Sarngadharan M S Hirsch R T Schooley T R Rota R C Kennedy T C Chanh V L Sato 《Journal of virology》1987,61(6):2024-2028
Serum neutralizing antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus were frequently detected in infected individuals, and low or absent serum neutralizing titers correlated with poor prognosis. Multiple diverse human immunodeficiency virus isolates were found to exhibit similar susceptibility to neutralization by a panel of human seropositive sera, suggesting that neutralizing antibodies are largely directed against conserved viral domains. Furthermore, utilizing antisera raised against a library of synthetic env peptides, four regions which are important in the neutralization process have been identified within both human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins (gp41 and gp120). Three of these are in conserved domains and should be considered for inclusion in a candidate vaccine. 相似文献
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Three species,Torodrilus gelidus sp. nov. (subfamily Rhyacodrilinae),Rossidrilus terraenovae gen. et sp. nov. (Limnodriloidinae), and a second unnamed species of Limnodriloidinae, are reported from marine sediments in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea. Torodrilus gelidus is distinguished fromT. lowryi Cook, 1970 by its setal pattern (with few exceptions, both anterior and posterior setae are single-pointed in sexually mature specimens ofT. gelidus) and the morphology of its male protuberances (the latter folded over a midventral bursa in segment XI).Rossidrilus terraenovae is characterized by large diverticula attached to the oesophagus in the posterior part of segment IX, unpaired male and spermathecal pores, heavily muscular and entally ciliated atrial ampullae, elongate prostatic pads, and a deep, unpaired and muscular, copulatory sac. It is the first species of its subfamily to be described from Antarctic waters. 相似文献
4.
Litman GW; Rast JP; Shamblott MJ; Haire RN; Hulst M; Roess W; Litman RT; Hinds- Frey KR; Zilch A; Amemiya CT 《Molecular biology and evolution》1993,10(1):60-72
Immunoglobulins are encoded by a large multigene system that undergoes
somatic rearrangement and additional genetic change during the development
of immunoglobulin-producing cells. Inducible antibody and antibody-like
responses are found in all vertebrates. However, immunoglobulin possessing
disulfide-bonded heavy and light chains and domain-type organization has
been described only in representatives of the jawed vertebrates. High
degrees of nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence identity are
evident when the segmental elements that constitute the immunoglobulin gene
loci in phylogenetically divergent vertebrates are compared. However, the
organization of gene loci and the manner in which the independent elements
recombine (and diversify) vary markedly among different taxa. One striking
pattern of gene organization is the "cluster type" that appears to be
restricted to the chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) and limits
segmental rearrangement to closely linked elements. This type of gene
organization is associated with both heavy- and light-chain gene loci. In
some cases, the clusters are "joined" or "partially joined" in the germ
line, in effect predetermining or partially predetermining, respectively,
the encoded specificities (the assumption being that these are expressed)
of the individual loci. By relating the sequences of transcribed gene
products to their respective germ-line genes, it is evident that, in some
cases, joined-type genes are expressed. This raises a question about the
existence and/or nature of allelic exclusion in these species. The
extensive variation in gene organization found throughout the vertebrate
species may relate directly to the role of intersegmental
(V<==>D<==>J) distances in the commitment of the individual
antibody-producing cell to a particular genetic specificity. Thus, the
evolution of this locus, perhaps more so than that of others, may reflect
the interrelationships between genetic organization and function.
相似文献
5.
Teresa Rondon Rota 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1977,13(5):280-292
Summary Trachoma organisms of serotype B were grown serially in irradiated cells (McCoy, BHK-21, Microbiological Associates, and BHK-21,
Lister) and tested for infectivity in monolayers of five mammalian cell lines (BHK-21, CHO, HeLa S3, McCoy and OWMK) and two diploid strains (ST/BTL and WI-38). All cell types had low susceptibility to chlamydial infection
but the number of inclusions increased when the inoculum was centrifuged onto the monolayers, or when the cells were irradiated.
Infection was higher in non-irradiated CHO than in irradiated CHO in three out of a total of six experiments. Inclusion number
was increased 300 times in HeLa S3 and up to three times in the other cell types after treatment with diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAE-D). Serial passage of
Chlamydia trachomatis serotype B (strain Har-36) in CO60 McCoy and CO60 BHK-21 Lister resulted in partial adaptation of the strain to the host cell. The phenomenon of adaptation of serotype B to
McCoy compensated for the lower susceptibility of this cell revealed when McCoy cells were inoculated with trachoma elementary
bodies grown in BHK-21 Lister or in chick embryo yolk sac. Trachoma organisms of immunotypes A, B and C prepared in yolk sac
produced more inclusion-forming units per ml in CO60 BHK-21 Lister than in CO60 McCoy.
This research was supported by a grant from the National Eye Institute (EI-00812-08), and by the Arabian American Oil Company.
The paper is dedicated to the memory of Francis B. Gordon, who pioneered research methods for the cultivation of trachoma
and inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) agents in cell culture. Dr. Gordon patiently studied tables and photographs which accompany
this text when he visited our laboratory on the day prior to his sailing to England on the ill-fated voyage in which he and
Mrs. Gordon perished (October 1973). 相似文献
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Jessica A. Belser Paul A. Rota Terrence M. Tumpey 《Microbiology and molecular biology reviews》2013,77(1):144-156
SUMMARY
Respiratory viruses (including adenovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, and rhinovirus) cause a broad spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from mild influenza-like symptoms to acute respiratory failure. While species D adenoviruses and subtype H7 influenza viruses are known to possess an ocular tropism, documented human ocular disease has been reported following infection with all principal respiratory viruses. In this review, we describe the anatomical proximity and cellular receptor distribution between ocular and respiratory tissues. All major respiratory viruses and their association with human ocular disease are discussed. Research utilizing in vitro and in vivo models to study the ability of respiratory viruses to use the eye as a portal of entry as well as a primary site of virus replication is highlighted. Identification of shared receptor-binding preferences, host responses, and laboratory modeling protocols among these viruses provides a needed bridge between clinical and laboratory studies of virus tropism. 相似文献9.
Niveas Rota, new genus, and its two new species, N. agassizi Rota, new species, and N. kone Rota, new species, are described and illustrated. Niveas is assigned to the subfamily Choreutinae based on morphological and molecular data. Niveas agassizi is currently known only from Kenya and only from female specimens. Niveas kone has been found on the Solomon Islands and in Papua New Guinea (PNG). In PNG, larvae of this species have been reared from several species of Ficus (Moraceae). The two species are superficially quite dissimilar from each other. However, they share features in wing pattern and venation, as well as female genitalia, and the molecular data strongly support the monophyly of Niveas. 相似文献
10.
Two silicone coatings have been evaluated for barnacle adhesion. One coating is an unfilled hydrosilation cured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) network, while the other is a room temperature vulcanized (RTV), filled, ethoxysiloxane cured PDMS elastomer, RTV11?. The adhesion strength of one species of barnacle, Balanus eburneus, to the hydrosilation coatings is in the range of 0.37–0.60 kg cm‐2 while the corresponding range for RTV11 is 0.64–0.90 kg cm‐2. The easier release of B. eburneus from the hydrosilation cured network compared to RTV11 is discussed in relationship to differences in bulk and surface properties. Preliminary results suggest bulk modulus may be the most important parameter in determining barnacle adhesion strength. In light or mechanical property analysis, a re‐evaluation of surface properties and chemical stability is presented. 相似文献