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排序方式: 共有120条查询结果,搜索用时 35 毫秒
1.
Catherine Ronin Herman van Halbeek Johannah GM Mutsaers Johannes F G Vliegenthart 《Glycoconjugate journal》1987,4(3):247-254
The lipid-linked precursor ofN-type glycoprotein oligosaccharides was isolated from porcine thyroid microsomes after in cubation with UDP[3H] Glucose. The carbohydrate was released from dolichol pyrophosphate by mild acid hydrolysis, purified by gel filtration and characterized by 500-MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy in combination with enzymatic degradation. The parent oligosaccharide was found to be Glc3Man9Glc-NAc2. The three glucose residues are present in the linear sequence Glcα1-2Glα1-3 Glc, the latter being α(1-3)-linked to one of the mannose residues. In order to establish the branch location of the triglucosyl unit, the parent compound was digested with jack-bean α-mannosidase. The oligosaccharide product was purified by gel filtration, and identified by1H-NMR as Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 lacking the mannose residues A, D2, B and D3. Therefore, the structure of the precursor oligosaccharide is as follows: $$\begin{gathered} c b a D_1 C 4 \hfill \\ Glc\alpha 1 - 2Glc\alpha 1 - 3Glc\alpha 1 - 3Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 \hfill \\ 3 \swarrow 3 2 1 \hfill \\ Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 Man\beta 1 - 4GlcNAc\beta 1 - 4GlcNAc \hfill \\ D_{2 } A 3 6 \hfill \\ Man\alpha 1 \hfill \\ 6 \hfill \\ Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 \nwarrow 4 \hfill \\ D_3 B \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ 相似文献
2.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate uptake of smoking in a cohort of 11 to 12 year olds related to awareness of advertised cigarette brands named. DESIGN: Self completed questionnaires administered to whole classes of schoolchildren in June 1993 and June 1994. SETTING: Primary, middle, and secondary schools in the north and south of England. SUBJECTS: 1450 pupils aged 11 and 12 years at the time of the first survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Onset of smoking and brands smoked by the second survey related to cigarette brands named in the first one. Less advertised brands were used as the base for calculating odds ratios. RESULTS: Girls who named the most advertised brands-namely, Benson and Hedges alone (odds ratio = 2.50, 95% confidence interval = 1.18 to 5.30) or Benson and Hedges and Silk Cut (2.15, 1.04 to 4.42) in the first survey were at greatest risk of taking up smoking by the second one. The difference was similar but not significant for boys. Boys and girls who named the least advertised brands in the first survey were at no greater risk of taking up smoking by the second survey than those who named no brands (boys odds ratio = 0.49 (0.24 to 1.01); girls 0.79 (0.38 to 1.62)). New smokers were more likely to smoke any available brand (29.5%) or a less advertised brand such as Embassy (24.6%) than the most advertised ones, Benson and Hedges (19.7%) and Silk Cut (14.8%). Established smokers were more selective, only 15% smoking any available brand and 38.3% smoking Benson and Hedges. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette advertising appears to increase children''s awareness of smoking at a generic level and encourages them to take up the behaviour, beginning with any cigarettes which are available and affordable. 相似文献
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Sebastian Dolff Daniel Quandt Benjamin Wilde Thorsten Feldkamp Fan Hua Xin Cai Christof Specker Andreas Kribben Cees GM Kallenberg Oliver Witzke 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(4):R150
Introduction
There is growing evidence that interleukin 17 (IL-17) producing T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies showed that increased percentages of T-cell subsets expressing the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD134 are associated with disease activity and renal involvement in SLE. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and phenotypical characteristics of IL-17 producing T-cells in SLE, in particular in patients with lupus nephritis, with emphasis on the expression of CD80 and CD134. 相似文献6.
7.
Arends S Brouwer E van der Veer E Groen H Leijsma MK Houtman PM Th A Jansen TL Kallenberg CG Spoorenberg A 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(3):R94
Introduction
Identifying ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients who are likely to benefit from tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blocking therapy is important, especially in view of the costs and potential side effects of these agents. Recently, the AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) has been developed to assess both subjective and objective aspects of AS disease activity. However, data about the predictive value of the ASDAS with respect to clinical response to TNF-α blocking therapy are lacking. The aim of the present study was to identify baseline predictors of response and discontinuation of TNF-α blocking therapy in AS patients in daily clinical practice. 相似文献8.
de Groot L Hinkema H Westra J Smit AJ Kallenberg CG Bijl M Posthumus MD 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(6):R205
Introduction
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced and can accumulate during chronic inflammation, as might be present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). AGEs are involved in the development of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether AGEs are increased in patients with long-standing RA and whether AGE accumulation is related to disease activity, disease severity and measures of (premature) atherosclerosis, such as endothelial activation, endothelial dysfunction and intima media thickness (IMT). 相似文献9.
Background
A recent study on expression and function of the ortholog of the Drosophila collier (col) gene in various arthropods including insects, crustaceans and chelicerates suggested a de novo function of col in the development of the appendage-less intercalary segment of insects. However, this assumption was made on the background of the now widely-accepted Pancrustacea hypothesis that hexapods represent an in-group of the crustaceans. It was therefore assumed that the expression of col in myriapods would reflect the ancestral state like in crustaceans and chelicerates, i.e. absence from the premandibular/intercalary segment and hence no function in its formation. 相似文献10.
Geoffrey M. While Caroline Isaksson Jo McEvoy Jan Komdeur Ton G.G. Groothuis 《Hormones and behavior》2010,58(2):208-3242
Individual hormone profiles can be important generators of phenotypic variation. Despite this, work on the consequences of hormone profiles has traditionally ignored the large inter-individual variation within natural populations. However, recent research has advocated the need to explicitly consider this variation and address its consequences for selection. One of the key steps in this process is examining repeatability in hormone profiles and their links to behavioral traits under selection. In this study we show that individuals within a free-ranging population of the Australian lizard Egernia whitii exhibit temporal repeatability in their circulating baseline testosterone concentrations as well as their aggressive response towards conspecific intruders. Furthermore, we show significant, sex-specific links between testosterone and aggression. Specifically, testosterone and aggression is negatively linked in males, while there is no relationship in females. As conspecific aggression has significant consequences for fitness-related traits (parental care, mating strategies) in this species, inter-individual variation in testosterone concentrations, through their effects on aggression, could have important implications for individual fitness. We discuss the potential causes and consequences of hormonal repeatability as well as provide explanations for its sex-specific links with aggression. Specifically, we suggest that these patterns are the result of alternative hormonal pathways governing aggression within Egernia and may indicate a decoupling of aggression and testosterone across the sexes. 相似文献