The mitochondrial and nuclear genetic structure of Myotis capaccinii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Eurasian transition, and its taxonomic implications

Allopatric isolation in glacial refugia has caused differentiation and speciation in many taxa globally. In this study, we investigated the nuclear and mitochondrial genetic differentiation of the long fingered bat, Myotis capaccinii during the ice ages in south-eastern Europe and Anatolia. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses indicated a suture zone similar to those recorded in other animal species, including bats, suggesting the association of more than one refugium with the region. Contrary to most of the other species where a suture zone was seen in Anatolia, for M. capaccinii the geographical location of the genetic break was in south-eastern Europe. This mitochondrial differentiation was not reflected in the nuclear microsatellites, however, suggesting that the lack of contact during the ice ages did not result in reproductive isolation. Hence taxonomically, the two mitochondrial clades cannot be treated as separate species.     

Goldston syndrome: report of a case.

Cerebrohepatorenal malformation is a rare familial disorder characterized by typical renal lesions combined with Dandy-Walker malformation, and congenital hepatic fibrosis. In this case report, a male premie with the diagnosis of cerebrorenal syndrome or so called Goldston syndrome is presented. Besides the rarity of this syndrome, this case is the second reported patient diagnosed prenatally.     

Isolation and1H-NMR spectroscopic identification of the glucose-containing lipid-linked precursor oligosaccharide ofN-linked carbohydrate chains

The lipid-linked precursor ofN-type glycoprotein oligosaccharides was isolated from porcine thyroid microsomes after in cubation with UDP[³H] Glucose. The carbohydrate was released from dolichol pyrophosphate by mild acid hydrolysis, purified by gel filtration and characterized by 500-MHz¹H-NMR spectroscopy in combination with enzymatic degradation. The parent oligosaccharide was found to be Glc₃Man₉Glc-NAc₂. The three glucose residues are present in the linear sequence Glcα1-2Glα1-3 Glc, the latter being α(1-3)-linked to one of the mannose residues. In order to establish the branch location of the triglucosyl unit, the parent compound was digested with jack-bean α-mannosidase. The oligosaccharide product was purified by gel filtration, and identified by¹H-NMR as Glc₃Man₅GlcNAc₂ lacking the mannose residues A, D₂, B and D₃. Therefore, the structure of the precursor oligosaccharide is as follows: $$\begin{gathered} c b a D_1 C 4 \hfill \\ Glc\alpha 1 - 2Glc\alpha 1 - 3Glc\alpha 1 - 3Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 \hfill \\ 3 \swarrow 3 2 1 \hfill \\ Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 Man\beta 1 - 4GlcNAc\beta 1 - 4GlcNAc \hfill \\ D_{2 } A 3 6 \hfill \\ Man\alpha 1 \hfill \\ 6 \hfill \\ Man\alpha 1 - 2Man\alpha 1 \nwarrow 4 \hfill \\ D_3 B \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$      

A study of interactions of platinum (II) compounds with DNA by means of CD spectra of solutions and liquid crystalline microphases of DNA

The optical properties of the DNA complexes with divalent platinum compounds of the cis-diamine type differing both in the nature of anionic and neutral ligands and in the spatial arrangement about the platinum atom were studied. The platinum compounds cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2], [Pt(en)Cl2], [Pt(tetrameen)Cl2], cis-[Pt(NH3)2NO2Cl], and cis-[PtNH3(Bz)Cl2] at small values of r (r is the molar ratio of a platinum compound to DNA nucleotides in the reaction mixture) were found to induce an increase in the amplitude of the positive band in the circular dichroic (CD) spectrum of linear DNA. All the compounds listed except cis-[Pt(NH3)2NO2Cl] caused a sharp decrease of the amplitude of the negative band in the CD spectrum of a liquid crystalline microphase of DNA formed in solution in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol). All these platinum compounds (except [Pt(tetrameen)Cl2]) exhibit biological (antimitotic, antitumour, etc.) activity. The platinum compounds trans-[Pt(NH3)Cl2], trans-[Pt(NH3)2NO2Cl], cis-[PtNH3PyCl2], cis-[Pt(NH3)2(NO2)2], and [Pt(NH3)3Cl]Cl exhibiting a low (if any) biological activity, either induced a decrease of the amplitude of the positive band in the CD spectrum of linear DNA, or did not affect the CD spectrum at all. The effect of these platinum compounds on the CD spectrum of the liquid crystalline microphase of DNA was either weak or absent. It is assumed that the specific biological action of platinum compounds of the cis-diamine type is determined by the polydentate binding to DNA: in addition to the cis-bidentate covalent binding of platinum to DNA nitrogen bases, a hydrogen bond formation between the DNA and cis-amino ligands occurs by means of protons at nitrogen atoms.     

Flavonoids from Rhamnus pallasii

A new dihydroflavonol, pallasiin, together with kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, mearnsetin, aromadendrin, eriodictyol and taxifolin, has been isolated from the bark of Rhamnus pallasii and its structure elucidated as 2,3-dihydromyricetin 4′-O-methyl ether.     

Ringworm in rabbit due to Trichophyton quinckeanum

Summary Trichophyton quinckeanum was isolated from a spontaneous infection in rabbit. The hairs were also invaded by the fungus, exibiting a yellowish fluorescence in Wood's light. White mice inoculation of the isolate produced typical scutula with hair penetration fluorescing in green colour. The type of animal hair invasion is also discussed. The morphologic features ofTr. quinckeanum, together with its ability of producing scutula while inoculating the white mice, must be emphasized, when proving its separate identity.     

Informationstheoretisches lernmodell

Summary The formation of the interconnection stimulus-response in a learning system is analysed. The system, a technical or a biological one establishes this correspondence by processing the information fed back from the medium during the learning process. This information has two aspects: a quantitative one related to the probability of the events, and a qualitative one related to the utility of the events in view of a goal. Both aspects are taken into consideration; by successive experiences the system eliminates the double uncertainty concerning the probabilistic dependence: stimulu — sresponse — outcome and its utility. Learning implies then a system for evaluating the utilities of different outcomes in view of a goal, a memory to record them and a decision system for selecting the corresponding responses upon a given criterion.

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Der Beitrag stellt einen Teil der Untersuchungen dar, die zur Ausarbeitung der Doktor-Dissertation am Polytechnischen Institut Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej in Bukarest unternommen wurden.     

Concentrations of some major and minor elements in larynx tissues with and without cancer

In this study, concentrations of some major and minor elements were determined in the larynx tissues with and without cancer, and results obtained were statistically compared. No meaningful differences were found between sodium, potassium, calcium and copper concentrations in cancer tissues, corresponding cancer-free adjacent tissues and in control larynx tissues. Phosphate concentrations of the cancer tissues were higher compared with cancer-free adjacent tissues and control tissues. Iron, zinc and magnesium concentrations were found increased in both cancer and corresponding cancer-free adjacent tissues relative to control values. Intra- and inter-element correlations established within and between groups indicated that relations between elements were also disordered in the cancer tissues. We suggest that the changed element status of cancerous larynx tissues may arise from increased requirements of cancer tissues for some elements such as iron, zinc, magnesium and phosphate.