下丘脑外侧区注射TRH对大鼠胃酸分泌的影响

本文采用连续收集胃腔灌流法,观察下丘脑外侧区(LHA)注射促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)对大鼠胃酸分泌的影响,并分析TRH在LHA促进胃酸分泌的作用机制。结果表明:(1)LHA注射TRH(1μg)明显地刺激胃酸分泌;(2)预先向LHA注射酚妥拉明(10μg)、美多心安(5μg)及胃泌素抗体1μl(1:640)并不影响TRH的泌酸作用,如预先向LHA注射阿托品(5μg)则可消除TRH的泌酸效应;(3)垂体摘除及肾上腺切除均不影响TRH的泌酸作用;(4)隔下迷走神经切断后,LHA注入TRH的泌酸效应仍然出现,但持续时间显著缩短;腹腔交感神经节摘除后,TRH仍能促进胃酸分泌,但分泌量少而平稳。以上结果提示:LHA是TRH中枢泌酸效应的有关结构之一,其中枢机制是通过胆碱能M受体中介的,腹腔交感神经节和膈下迷走神经是TRH泌酸效应的传出途径。前者引起的泌酸反应出现较早且引起泌酸高峰,但持续时间短;后者则引起低平的持续分泌。     

中华白蛉的自育性研究

现场及实验室结果表明,我国黄土高原的大多数中华白蛉(Phlebotomus chinensis)应属自育性品系,它通常在羽化后、吸血前经交配能依靠腹节内脂肪体发育卵泡,一般在产卵后始行吸血。其生理性状是:胃内无血、腹节内有大量块状或条状脂肪体。羽化24小时后,附腺内有暗色颗粒,卵巢内有发育的卵泡。在25℃士1℃下它的生活史分快、慢两型。快型从卵至成虫仅需44—50夭,慢型需要以四龄幼虫滞育,其长短随滞育期而定,最长的滞育期达301天。观察了白蛉幼虫在饥饿状态下对自育性的影响。此外,还比较了吸血白蛉与自育性白蛉的妊卵数。吸血白蛉的妊卵数约较自育性的高出1/5。这种自育性品系的中华白蛉在自然居群约内占92%、主要栖于洞穴内为野栖种类。本文对自育性中华白蛉的生态及其防制策略作了分析和讨论。     

1-Chloromethylpyrene: a reference skin sensitizer and genotoxin

1-Chloromethylpyrene (1-CMP) has been evaluated as a model mutagen and toxin related to the ultimate electrophiles derived from benzo[a]pyrene and 1-nitropyrene. It was mutagenic to Salmonella (greater than 100 pg/plate) and exceptionally reactive to DNA when assessed by the 32P-postlabelling technique. 1-CMP was inactive in a mouse bone micronucleus assay when administered by gavage, probably due to hydrolysis, whose kinetics have been studied (t1/2 approximately 23 min at 37 degrees C). However, as expected, it was a potent skin toxin as determined by its activity as a mitogen to mouse skin and its contact allergenicity, as determined using the local lymph node proliferative assay. It is concluded that 1-CMP will probably be a potent human skin carcinogen and contact allergen.     

斜胸叶蝉属一新种（同翅目：叶蝉总科：耳叶蝉科）

本文记述耳叶蝉科斜胸叶蝉属一新种:黄缘斜胸叶蝉Epiclinata flavomarinata sp.nov.。标本采自我国西藏。文中描述了新种的外部形态及雄性外生殖器构造特征,并与近似种进行比较,附有主要特征图。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

Presence of nadph-cytochrome P-450 reductase in rat liver golgi membranes: Evidence obtained by immunoadsorption method

Light Golgi fractions (GF(1+2)) prepared from rat liver homogenates by a modification of the Ehrenreich et al. procedure (J. Cell Biol. 59:45) had significant NADPH-cytochrome P(450) reductase (NADPH-cyt c reductase) activity if assayed immediately after their isolation. An antibody raised in rabbits against purified microsomal and Golgi fractions. To find out whether this activity is located in bona fide Golgi elements or in contaminating microsomal vesicles, we used the following 3-step immunoadsorption procedure: (a) antirabbit IgG (raised in goats) was conjugated to small (2-5 μm) polycrylamide (PA) beads; (b) rabbit anti NADPH-cyt c reductase was immunoadsorbed to the antibody-coated beads; and (c) GF(1+2) was reacted with the beads carrying the two successive layers of antibodies. The beads were then recovered by centrifugation, and were washed, fixed, embedded in agarose, and processed for transmission electromicroscopy. Antireductase- coated beads absorbed 60 percent of the NADPH-cyt c reductase (and comparable fractions of NADH-cyt c reductase and glucose-6-phosphatase) but only 20 percent of the galactosyltransferase activity of the input GF(1+2). Differential vesicle counts showed that approximately 72 percent of the immunoadsorbed vesicles were morphologically recognizable Golgi elements (vesicles with very low density lipoprotein [VLDL] clusters or Golgi cisternae); vesicles with single VLDL and smooth surfaced microsome-like vesicles were too few (approximately 25 percent) to account for the activity. It is concluded that NADPH-cytochrome P(450) reductase is a Golgi membrane enzyme of probably uneven distribution among the elements of the Golgi complex.     

嗜肺军团菌II型分泌系统及其底物的研究进展

嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophila,L. pneumophila)是研究病原菌-宿主相互作用的重要模式菌株之一,其独特的分泌系统及底物效应蛋白的结构与功能是病原微生物领域的研究热点。II型分泌系统(type II secretion system,T2SS)对促进细菌在环境和人类宿主中的生存至关重要。嗜肺军团菌Legionella secretion pathway (Lsp)系统是革兰氏阴性病原菌中一个典型的T2SS。本文综述了L. pneumophila的T2SS及其底物效应蛋白的研究进展,重点介绍其结构与功能,为深入了解革兰氏阴性病原菌的T2SS功能和作用机制提供参考。     

大豆疫霉菌的分离与鉴定

采用叶碟诱捕法从2007年进口的美国大豆携带的土壤和2006年从黑龙江感病大豆田采集的土壤中分离出2株疫霉菌菌株,并对病原菌进行了形态特征、致病性、分子检测。结果表明:形态观察为疫霉属真菌;接种大豆后出现典型的大豆疫病症状;采用大豆疫霉的特异性引物PCR检测,2个菌株均能扩增出分子量为330 bp的特异性条带。结合形态、致病性测定和分子检测,2株病菌鉴定为大豆疫霉菌(Phytophthora sojaeKauf-mann et Gerdemann)。     

毛竹和雷竹地下系统结构及生物力学性质

利用植物稳定山体边坡是一种环保、经济、可持续的生物工程措施,符合生态文明建设新理念。以亚热带典型散生竹种毛竹和雷竹地下系统结构为研究对象,描述毛竹和雷竹根系在土壤中的空间分布状况,探究影响毛竹和雷竹地下系统生物力学性质的因素。结果表明:随着土层的深入,3个径级的毛竹和雷竹根系长度和体积所占比重均表现出逐渐减少的趋势,0—40 cm土层中集中了80%以上的根系。毛竹和雷竹径级D≤1 mm根系占全部根系长度的比重均为最大,大小依次为雷竹鞭根(83.62%)>雷竹竹根(80.46%)>毛竹鞭根(75.70%)>毛竹竹根(70.45%),毛竹径级D≥2mm根系体积所占比重最大,分别为竹根78.73%和鞭根70.23%,雷竹径级D≥2mm(43.60%)和D=1—2mm(39.76%)竹根体积比例相当,径级D=1—2mm鞭根体积为最大(50.78%);毛竹和雷竹不同生长阶段竹鞭抗拉强度和弹性模量之间均存在显著差异,中龄竹鞭抗拉强度显著高于幼龄和老龄,而中龄竹鞭的弹性模量显著低于幼龄和老龄,说明生长阶段是影响竹鞭抗拉强度和弹性模量的因素;饱和含水率条件下,毛竹和雷竹根系抗拉强度与...     

基于Sentinel-2A影像干旱区棉花叶片SPAD数字制图

植被叶片叶绿素是农业遥感反演的重要参数,叶绿素含量的变化与植被生长环境的胁迫程度、生理变化密切相关,故将植被叶绿素进行实时、动态监测对农业生产极为重要。然而,传统经验模型及叶绿素精准测量存在困难。基于高分辨率的Sentinel-2A数据,在机器学习框架下,利用光谱信息、最适光谱指数和基于PROSAIL辐射传输模型的生物协变量构建3种建模方案(方案1:光谱信息和最适光谱指数联合,方案2:光谱信息和物理模型生物协变量联合,方案3:光谱信息、最适光谱指数和物理模型生物协变量联合)。最终基于优选出的建模方案进行棉花叶片叶绿素相对含量的空间数字制图。结果表明:(1)红边波段参与的最适光谱指数比值植被指数(RVI)与棉花叶片SPAD值相关性最高r=0.767,P^**=0.195;(2)将构建的17个变量进行重要性分析可知,构建的最适光谱指数比值植被指数(RVI)与物理模型生物协变量LAI-Cab对估算模型的精度贡献率较大;(3)建模方案构建植被指数时红边波段被确定为最优波段,在增加精度方面起到决定性作用;通过模型评价标准来分析3种方案可知,预测精度大小顺序为模型方案3>...     

岷江上游景观格局及生态水文特征分析

基于1994年岷江上游TM遥感影像分类,结合6个不同集水区1992、1993、1995年植被生长季降雨、径流及同期NOAA/AVHRR的N DVI数据,构建了植被保水指数作为表征植被生态水文功能分析的指标。并用此对岷江上游6个不同集水区景观格局与生态水文特征进行分析。结果表明:不同集水区植被组成及景观结构有显著差异;不同集水区植被保蓄降雨能力即保水指数有明显差异;不同集水区景观结构指数与保水指数之间具有很高相关性,其中边界密度、多样性指数与保水指数呈负相关,聚集度指数与保水指数呈正相关。保水指数的构建对植被建设具有一定的科学意义