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排序方式: 共有152条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Effect of postnatal development on calcium currents and slow charge movement in mammalian skeletal muscle 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13
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Single- (whole-cell patch) and two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques were used to measure transient (Ifast) and sustained (Islow) calcium currents, linear capacitance, and slow, voltage-dependent charge movements in freshly dissociated fibers of the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle of rats of various postnatal ages. Peak Ifast was largest in FDB fibers of neonatal (1-5 d) rats, having a magnitude in 10 mM external Ca of 1.4 +/- 0.9 pA/pF (mean +/- SD; current normalized by linear fiber capacitance). Peak Ifast was smaller in FDB fibers of older animals, and by approximately 3 wk postnatal, it was so small as to be unmeasurable. By contrast, the magnitudes of Islow and charge movement increased substantially during postnatal development. Peak Islow was 3.6 +/- 2.5 pA/pF in FDB fibers of 1-5-d rats and increased to 16.4 +/- 6.5 pA/pF in 45-50-d-old rats; for these same two age groups, Qmax, the total mobile charge measurable as charge movement, was 6.0 +/- 1.7 and 23.8 +/- 4.0 nC/microF, respectively. As both Islow and charge movement are thought to arise in the transverse-tubular system, linear capacitance normalized by the area of fiber surface was determined as an indirect measure of the membrane area of the t-system relative to that of the fiber surface. This parameter increased from 1.5 +/- 0.2 microF/cm2 in 2-d fibers to 2.9 +/- 0.4 microF/cm2 in 44-d fibers. The increases in peak Islow, Qmax, and normalized linear capacitance all had similar time courses. Although the function of Islow is unknown, the substantial postnatal increase in its magnitude suggests that it plays an important role in the physiology of skeletal muscle. 相似文献
3.
Summary The cellular localization of dopamine in the caudate nucleus of the rat hat been studied with the highly sensitive and specific fluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp, and by electron microscopy. The histochemical studies provided strong support for the view that the dopamine is concentrated within very fine nerve fibres which have abundant varicosities with an intense fluorescence. The electron microscopical studies revealed the presence of a tightly packed plexus built up i.a. of abundant synaptic nerve terminals, many of which had a diameter below 0.4 . The terminals made synaptic contact mainly with processes that seemed to belong to an extensive dendrite net.The investigation was supported by research grants from the United States Public Health Service (02854-04), The Swedish Medical Research Council and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. 相似文献
4.
Noradrenaline nerve terminals in the hippocampal region of the rat and the guinea pig 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary The hippocampal region of the rat has been studied with the histochemical fluorescence method for demonstration of catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Noradrenalin nerve terminals of characteristic appearance were observed throughout the region, but the density of the terminals in the various areas differed considerably. The highest amount of terminals were seen in the hilus of the area dentata of the rat. Otherwise, noradrenalin nerve terminals constitute a small percentage of the afferents to the hippocampal region. Noticeable differences existed between rat and guinea-pig. In both species there was a conspicuous lack of stratification and delineation of areas as compared with the pictures seen with most other methods, which have revealed precise architectonic patterns.Supported by a Research Grant (12X-715-02) from the Swedish Medical Research council and by a Grant from Stiftelsen M. Bergwalls Minne. 相似文献
5.
Mirella Ruggeri Michele Zoli Roberta Grimaldi Urban Ungerstedt Agneta Eliasson Luigi F. Agnati Kjell Fuxe 《Neurochemistry international》1990,16(4):427-435
Some methodological aspects of the intracerebral microdialysis technique have been investigated: the existence of a pressure gradient at the level of the dialyzing membrane, the substance diffusion from the microdialysis probe and the extent of tissue damage induced by the implantation of the microdialysis probe. At the level of the dialyzing membrane a rough balance between the pressure inside the probe and the one present in the extracellular fluid compartment has been observed. The pattern of substance diffusion in the tissue showed a large variability depending on the substance used and the experimental conditions. Relevant deductions can be made by the use of labeled markers. By means of this approach, the diffusion pattern of tritiated ganglioside GM1 in the tissue around the probe could be shown to follow a biexponential pattern, suggesting a two-step process of diffusion. The degree of tissue damage induced by the microdialysis probe was assessed by analyzing the glial reaction, and was measured by means of semiquantitative immunocytochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity. Only a limited area of neuronal damage was observed in the region surrounding the microdialysis probe. The amount of glial reaction after probe implantation was shown to be comparable with that induced by the implantation of a microinjection cannula. 相似文献
6.
Molecular evolution of voltage-sensitive ion channel genes: on the origins of electrical excitability 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
We have analyzed nucleic acid and amino acid sequence alignments of a
variety of voltage-sensitive ion channels, using several methods for
phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Ancient duplications within this family
gave rise to three distantly related groups, one consisting of the Na+ and
Ca++ channels, another the K+ channels, and a third including the cyclic
nucleotide-binding channels. A series of gene duplications produced at
least seven mammalian homologues of the Drosophila Shaker K+ channel;
clones of only three of these genes are available from all three mammalian
species examined (mouse, rat, and human), pointing to specific genes that
have yet to be recovered in one or another of these species. The
Shaw-related K+ channels and the Na+ channel family have also undergone
considerable expansion in mammals, relative to flies. These expansions
presumably reflect the needs of the high degree of physiological and
neuronal complexity of mammals. Analysis of the separate domains of the
four-domain channels (Ca++ and Na+) supports their having evolved by two
sequential gene duplications and implies the historical existence of a
functional two-domain channel.
相似文献
7.
Gabriel von Euler Ingeborg van der Ploeg Bertil B. Fredholm Kjell Fuxe 《Journal of neurochemistry》1991,56(1):178-183
To examine whether GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) mediate the ability of neurotensin to lower the affinity of dopamine D2 agonist binding, the modulation by neurotensin in vitro of N-[3H]propylnorapomorphine [( 3H]-NPA) binding was investigated following pretreatment with pertussis toxin and N-ethylmaleimide in rat neostriatal membranes. Preincubation with N-ethylmaleimide (100 microM) markedly inhibited pertussis toxin-induced back-ADP ribosylation of three proteins with apparent molecular masses of 41, 40, and 39 kDa, respectively. This inhibition was prevented by adding dithiothreitol (250 microM) during the preincubation. N-Ethylmaleimide increased the KD (180 +/- 30%) and decreased the Bmax (-31 +/- 9%) of [3H]NPA binding sites but did not affect the binding properties of the selective D2 antagonist [3H]raclopride. N-Ethylmaleimide pretreatment did not affect the neurotensin (3 nM)-induced increase in the KD of [3H]NPA binding sites. Pertussin toxin treatment in vivo and in vitro was similarly ineffective. In conclusion, the present study indicates that neurotensin modulation of D2 agonist binding in neostriatal membranes is not mediated by G proteins. 相似文献
8.
A Cintra K Fuxe V Solfrini L F Agnati B Tinner A C Wikstr?m W Staines S Okret J A Gustafsson 《The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology》1991,40(1-3):93-103
By means of double immunolabeling procedures it has been possible to demonstrate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunoreactivity (IR) in large numbers of various peptidergic neurons of the brain including neurons containing gastrointestinal peptides, opioid peptides, and peptides with a hypothalamic hormone function. For each peptide system, however, marked heterogeneities exist among brain regions. Thus, in the neocortex and the hippocampal formation most of the brain peptide neurons lack GR IR, while the same types of peptide neurons in the arcuate and paraventricular nucleus [e.g. neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SRIF) and the cholecystokinin (CCK) neurons] possess strong GR IR. Furthermore, in the arcuate, parvocellular part of the paraventricular nuclei and the central amygdaloid nucleus practically all the peptidergic neurons are strongly GR IR, while in the lateral hypothalamus, mainly the neurotensin (NT) and galanin (GAL) IR neurons are GR IR. These marked differences among areas probably reflect functional differences dependent upon their participation in stress regulated circuits. All the paraventricular NT, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and SRIF IR neurons appear to contain GR IR, while the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) IR neurons lack GR IR, underlying the importance of glucocorticoids (GC) in controlling endocrine function. Finally, the GC may influence pain and mood control mainly via effects on enkephalin (ENK) neurons especially in the basal ganglia (mood) and on all beta-endorphin (beta-END) neurons of the arcuate nucleus, while most of the dynorphin neurons are not directly controlled by GC. 相似文献
9.
10.
Prashant G. Bhat Ajay M. V. Kumar Balaji Naik Srinath Satyanarayana Deepak KG Sreenivas A. Nair Suryakanth MD Einar Heldal Donald A. Enarson Anthony J. Reid 《PloS one》2013,8(12)