Polypeptide molecular weights of the (Na+,K+)-ATPase from porcine kidney medulla

The molecular weights of the polypeptide chains from (Na+,K+)-ATPase of porcine kidney medulla have been determined by analytical sedimentation equilibrium. The alpha-subunit molecular weight is 93 900, and the beta subunit is a glycoprotein with a polypeptide molecular weight of 32 300 (41 400 including protein and carbohydrate). Amino acid and carbohydrate compositions are presented together with related properties (i.e., partial specific volumes, extinction coefficients, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic amino acid content).     

THE EFFECTS OF INJURY PREVENTION WARM-UP PROGRAMMES ON KNEE STRENGTH IN MALE SOCCER PLAYERS

The study investigates the effects of the 11+ and HarmoKnee injury prevention programmes on knee strength in male soccer players. Under-21-year-old players (n=36) were divided equally into: the 11+, HarmoKnee and control groups. The programmes were performed for 24 sessions (20-25 min each). The hamstrings and quadriceps strength were measured bilaterally at 60°·s^-1, 180°·s^-1 and 300°·s^-1. The concentric quadriceps peak torque (PT) of the 11+ increased by 27.7% at 300°·s^-1 in the dominant leg (p<0.05). The concentric quadriceps PT of HarmoKnee increased by 36.6%, 36.2% and 28% in the dominant leg, and by 31.3%, 31.7% and 20.05% at 60°·s^-1, 180°·s^-1 and 300°·s^-1 in the non-dominant leg respectively. In the 11+ group the concentric hamstring PT increased by 22%, 21.4% and 22.1% at 60°·s^-1, 180°·s^-1 and 300°·s^-1, respectively in the dominant leg, and by 22.3%, and 15.7% at 60°·s^-1 and 180°·s^-1, in the non-dominant leg. In the HarmoKnee group the hamstrings in the dominant leg showed an increase in PT by 32.5%, 31.3% and 14.3% at 60°·s^-1, 180°·s^-1 and 300°·s^-1, and in the non-dominant leg hamstrings PT increased by 21.1% and 19.3% at 60°·s^-1 and 180°·s^-1 respectively. The concentric hamstrings strength was significantly different between the 11+ and control groups in the dominant (p=0.01) and non-dominant legs (p=0.02). The HarmoKnee programme enhanced the concentric strength of quadriceps. The 11+ and HarmoKnee programmes are useful warm-up protocols for improving concentric hamstring strength in young professional male soccer players. The 11+ programme is more advantageous for its greater concentric hamstring strength improvement compared to the HarmoKnee programme.     

Salt tolerant sugarbeet progeny from tissue cultures challenged with multiple salts

Lines of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) tolerant of multiple salts was accomplished by an in vitro multiple salt challenge. Petioles were placed on RV medium amended with 5 different salts along with Murashige and Skoog base salts for one month. Surviving shoots were cultured on RV medium to obtain petioles for subsequent challenges. During the first, second and third challenges, organogenically regenerated shoots developed from 5%, 46%, and 80% of the petioles, respectively. After the third multiple salt challenge, tolerant shoots were rooted and transplanted in soil. Salt was added to this soil at 1.0% by weight and plants were observed for 2 months. The ten most salt tolerant plants were vernalized to obtain seed. The R₁ seed and controls were planted in soil containing 0%, 0.61% or 0.77% multiple salts per dry soil weight. Emergence of R₁ seedlings was significantly greater than the controls under salt stress. Multiple salt tolerant R₁ plants were maintained in salt amended soil to the 8–10 leaf stage and appeared as healthy and vigorous as the control growing in salt free soil.Contribution from Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 10948. University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA Mention of trade names does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by University of Missouri of Holly Sugar Corporation and does not imply their approval to the exclusion of other products.     

Affinity of Ionic Species of Nucleoside Transport Protein Inhibitors

Abstract

A class of very potent nucleoside transport inhibitors is present in two molecular forms around physiological pH. We investigated whether the monoprotonated or the unionized species of these molecules binds to this camer protein with higher affinity.     

Zum feinbau der zellwände von haaren an gallen von Neuroterus numismalis

Zusammenfassung Der Aufbau der Zellwände der Haare an den Gallen von Neuroterus numismalis auf Blättern von Quercus wurde vornehmlich im Polarisationsmikroskop studiert. Es ergab sich dabei, daß die Zellwände der gekrümmten Haare ungleichmäßig verdickt waren und die Wanddicke in deutlicher Abhängigkeit von der Lage zur Galle stand. Die lamellierten Zellwände besitzen in der Konvexwand eine zusätzliche Außenschicht. Schräg- und Querschnitte ließen auf Schraubentextur schließen, deren Steigung wahrscheinlich von Lamelle zu Lamelle wechselt. Für die Außenschicht der Konvexwand muß eine steilere Schraubung angenommen werden.Die Lamellen, besonders der Konkavwand, sind häufig gewellt, die Außenschicht zeigt vielfach Verschiebungslinien.Die allgemein gültigen Gesetze der Zellwandbildung lassen Schlüsse zu auf die Entstehung solcher ungleich verdickten Zellwände. In den einseitig verdickten Steinzellen aus dem Innern der Galle findet sich eine Parallele, die ein Organisationszentrum in der Larvenhöhle vermuten läßt.Mit 5 Textabbildungen     

Reversible cytoplasmic rearrangements precede wall apposition,hypersensitive cell death and defense-related gene activation in potato/Phytophthora infestans interactions

We used video microscopy techniques as a tool for live examination of the dynamic aspects of plant/fungus interactions. Early, dynamic responses of epidermal midrib cells of leaves from a potato cultivar (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Datura) carrying resistance gene R1 to Phytophthora infestans (race 1: compatible interaction, race 4: incompatible interaction) were monitored. Similar responses were observed in both types of interaction, ranging from no visible reaction of invaded plant cells to hypersensitive cell death. The overall defense response of each individual cell exhibited a highly dynamic behavior that appeared to be tightly coordinated with the growth of the fungus. Initial localized reactions, including major rearrangements within the cytoplasm, occurred directly at the fungal penetration site, where rapid apposition of autofluorescent material and callose took place. If fungal invasion stopped at this stage, the host cell restored its normal cytoplasmic activity and survived. Hypersensitive cell death occurred only when fungal growth had proceeded to the formation of a clearly identifiable haustorium. In such cases, cytoplasm and nucleus conglomerated around the intracellular fungal structure, followed by a sudden collapse of the whole conglomerate and an instantaneous collapse of the fungal haustorium. Only small quantitative differences between the compatible and incompatible interactions of the two fungal races were observed for these early responses of epidermal cells. In the incompatible interaction, a slightly larger number of epidermal cells responded to fungal attack. More pronounced quantitative differences between compatible and incompatible interactions occurred upon fungal invasion of the mesophyll. These differences in the number of responding cells were not reflected at the level of gene expression: the spatial and temporal activation patterns of two defense-related genes, encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and pathogenesis-related protein 1, were similar in both types of interaction.Dedicated to Professor Peter Sitte, Freiburg, Germany, on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

Über den Feinbau der Haare einigerEriophyes-Gallen

Zusammenfassung Das Haarfeld am Eingang der Galle vonEriophyes padi ähnelt einem Gradientenmuster, am Rande stehen unregelmäßig verteilt Haare mit steiler Schraubenstruktur der Zellwände (positive Doppelbrechung der Membranaufsichten), im Innern solche mit flacher Schraubentextur (negative Doppelbrechung). Messungen der Haarlänge,-breite und Wanddicke ergaben, daß die Ausbildung der Membrantextur weitgehend unabhängig von der Zellform erfolgt. Die Haare der Filzgalle vonEriophyes tiliae liosoma sind einheitlich gebaut, bei Gallen vonE. tiliae typicus stehen die Haare mit positivem Vorzeichen der Zellwandaufsicht im Innern, solche mit negativer oder isotroper Wand im Gallenhals.