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1.
The effects of nutritional copper deficiency on carrageenin edema in the rat were investigated with emphasis on studying the
correlation between the degree of copper deficiency and the degree of edema. Carrageenin paw edema in both copper-sufficient
and copper-deficient groups of rats was compared after either 20, 40, or 60 d on respective diets. The degree of copper deficiency
was quantitated by analyzing total copper concentrations in a number of tissues. Other copper dependent parameters were also
determined. Results indicated that: (1) although copper sufficient rats showed relatively little change in the degree of edema,
copper-deficient rats showed a steady and significant increase in edema from d 20 to 40 to 60; (2) paw edema in copper-deficient
animals was highly and negatively correlated to the concentrations of copper in the liver; the correlation with liver Cu,Zn-superoxide
dismutase activity, however, was inconsistent; (3) paw edema was not correlated either to copper concentration in tissues
other than liver or to plasma ceruloplasmin activity; and (4) aggravation of carrageenin edema in copper-deficient animals
seemed to be mediated via an as yet unknown secondary effect of copper deficiency. 相似文献
2.
Hardies SC; Martin SL; Voliva CF; Hutchison CA d; Edgell MH 《Molecular biology and evolution》1986,3(2):109-125
3.
In dispute paternity, the biologists must reply to two questions: 1. Is the paternity excluded or possible? 2. If it is possible, what is its probability? Valid answers can be given, using several genetic markers, among which HLA genes are specially interesting. Looking at HLA-A, B, C, DR typing of child, mother and presumed father, we propose a method which allows a direct calculation of paternity probability. Crossing over between HLA genes in presumed father and in mother are also considered in this method. In our experience, adding the date provided by the HLA genes and other genetic markers, we obtained, either formal exclusions, or possible paternities with a probability almost always higher than 90%. 相似文献
4.
A major difference between the divergence patterns within the lines-1 families in mice and voles 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Vanlerberghe F; Bonhomme F; Hutchison CA d; Edgell MH 《Molecular biology and evolution》1993,10(4):719-731
L1 retroposons are represented in mice by subfamilies of interspersed
sequences of varied abundance. Previous analyses have indicated that
subfamilies are generated by duplicative transposition of a small number of
members of the L1 family, the progeny of which then become a major
component of the murine L1 population, and are not due to any active
processes generating homology within preexisting groups of elements in a
particular species. In mice, more than a third of the L1 elements belong to
a clade that became active approximately 5 Mya and whose elements are >
or = 95% identical. We have collected sequence information from 13 L1
elements isolated from two species of voles (Rodentia: Microtinae: Microtus
and Arvicola) and have found that divergence within the vole L1 population
is quite different from that in mice, in that there is no abundant
subfamily of homologous elements. Individual L1 elements from voles are
very divergent from one another and belong to a clade that began a period
of elevated duplicative transposition approximately 13 Mya. Sequence
analyses of portions of these divergent L1 elements (approximately 250 bp
each) gave no evidence for concerted evolution having acted on the vole L1
elements since the split of the two vole lineages approximately 3.5 Mya;
that is, the observed interspecific divergence (6.7%-24.7%) is not larger
than the intraspecific divergence (7.9%-27.2%), and phylogenetic analyses
showed no clustering into Arvicola and Microtus clades.
相似文献
5.
6.
Yoan Fourcade Audrey Chaput‐Bardy Jean Secondi Cyril Fleurant Christophe Lemaire 《Molecular ecology》2013,22(8):2065-2073
Identifying local adaptation is crucial in conservation biology to define ecotypes and establish management guidelines. Local adaptation is often inferred from the detection of loci showing a high differentiation between populations, the so‐called FST outliers. Methods of detection of loci under selection are reputed to be robust in most spatial population models. However, using simulations we showed that FST outlier tests provided a high rate of false‐positives (up to 60%) in fractal environments such as river networks. Surprisingly, the number of sampled demes was correlated with parameters of population genetic structure, such as the variance of FSTs, and hence strongly influenced the rate of outliers. This unappreciated property of river networks therefore needs to be accounted for in genetic studies on adaptation and conservation of river organisms. 相似文献
7.
Oylum Erkus Victor CL de Jager Maciej Spus Ingrid J van Alen-Boerrigter Irma MH van Rijswijck Lucie Hazelwood Patrick WM Janssen Sacha AFT van Hijum Michiel Kleerebezem Eddy J Smid 《The ISME journal》2013,7(11):2126-2136
Maintenance of a high degree of biodiversity in homogeneous environments is poorly understood. A complex cheese starter culture with a long history of use was characterized as a model system to study simple microbial communities. Eight distinct genetic lineages were identified, encompassing two species: Lactococcus lactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The genetic lineages were found to be collections of strains with variable plasmid content and phage sensitivities. Kill-the-winner hypothesis explaining the suppression of the fittest strains by density-dependent phage predation was operational at the strain level. This prevents the eradication of entire genetic lineages from the community during propagation regimes (back-slopping), stabilizing the genetic heterogeneity in the starter culture against environmental uncertainty. 相似文献
8.
Irisin was first identified in muscle cells. We detected irisin immunoreactivity in various organs of the crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata). In the epidermis, irisin immunoreactivity was localized mainly in stratum basale, stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum layers; immunoreactivity was not observed in the stratum corneum. In the dermis, irisin was found in the external and internal root sheath, cortex and medulla of hair follicles, and in sebaceous glands. Irisin immunoreactivity was found in the neural retina and skeletal muscle fibers associated with the eye. The pineal and thyroid glands also exhibited irisin immunoreactivity. 相似文献
9.
10.
Macey JR Papenfuss TJ Kuehl JV Fourcade HM Boore JL 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2004,33(1):22-31
Complete mitochondrial genomic sequences are reported from 12 members in the four families of the reptile group Amphisbaenia. Analysis of 11,946 aligned nucleotide positions (5797 informative) produces a robust phylogenetic hypothesis. The family Rhineuridae is basal and Bipedidae is the sister taxon to the Amphisbaenidae plus Trogonophidae. Amphisbaenian reptiles are surprisingly old, predating the breakup of Pangaea 200 million years before present, because successive basal taxa (Rhineuridae and Bipedidae) are situated in tectonic regions of Laurasia and nested taxa (Amphisbaenidae and Trogonophidae) are found in Gondwanan regions. Thorough sampling within the Bipedidae shows that it is not tectonic movement of Baja California away from the Mexican mainland that is primary in isolating Bipes species, but rather that primary vicariance occurred between northern and southern groups. Amphisbaenian families show parallel reduction in number of limbs and Bipes species exhibit parallel reduction in number of digits. A measure is developed for comparing the phylogenetic information content of various genes. A synapomorphic trait defining the Bipedidae is a shift from the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement to the derived state of trnE and nad6. In addition, a tandem duplication of trnT and trnP is observed in Bipes biporus with a pattern of pseudogene formation that varies among populations. The first case of convergent rearrangement of the mitochondrial genome among animals demonstrated by complete genomic sequences is reported. Relative to most vertebrates, the Rhineuridae has the block nad6, trnE switched in order with the block cob, trnT, trnP, as they are in birds. 相似文献