灰茶尺蠖成虫触角及幼虫头部感器超微结构

【目的】明确灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens成虫触角及幼虫头部感器的种类、形态、数量和分布,以探讨灰茶尺蠖的行为机制。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角和5龄幼虫头部感器的超微结构。【结果】灰茶尺蠖成虫触角上分布有8种感器,分别是栓锥形感器、耳形感器、毛形感器(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)、B?hm氏鬃毛、腔锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、鳞形感器、锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)和刺形感器。其中,栓锥形感器仅分布在雌蛾触角上,耳形感器、毛形感器(STⅠ-Ⅲ)仅分布在雄虫触角上。5龄幼虫触角上着生1个栓锥形感器、1个锥形感器和2个刺形感器;上唇着生有6对刺形感器,内唇着生有3对刺形感器和1对指形感器;上颚基部外侧着生有2个刺形感器;下颚及下颚须着生有5个刺形感器、9个锥形感器和2个栓锥形感器;下唇须着生有1个锥形感器和1个刺形感器;吐丝器前端着生有1对刺形感器。【结论】灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角感器存在性二型性,且雄虫上感器种类和数量较多,据此推测雄虫感受寄主植物或性信息素的能力较强;幼虫头部感器具有嗅觉和味觉功能,在其判断食物的种类和适应性等生态行为中发挥重要作用。     

Interaction between iron plaque and root border cells ameliorates aluminum toxicity of Oryza sativa differing in aluminum tolerance

Root border cells (RBCs), which are generated during plant growth and surround the root cap, and iron plaque (IP), ubiquitously formed on the root surfaces of rice, are known to alleviate aluminum (Al) toxicity. To verify the interactive effects of IP and RBCs on ameliorating Al toxicity, two rice cultivars differing in Al resistance were used to compare Al tolerance between cultivars. Additionally, root elongation, Al uptake and RBCs viability were measured as indicators of the effects of Al. The amounts of DCB-extractable Fe and Al on the root surfaces were much higher in the presence of IP than the absence. IP presence significantly decreased Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and Al contents in roots and root tips. The removal of RBCs from the root tips caused a more severe inhibition of root elongation and a higher Al accumulation in rice roots and root tips. Furthermore, root growth inhibition and Al contents in roots and root tips were significantly lower in roots with a combination of IP and RBCs than in roots with IP or RBCs only. The formation of IP on the root surface maintained higher RBCs viability and depressed mucilage exudation in an Al-tolerant rice cultivar. The results suggest that both IP and RBCs ameliorate Al toxicity, and IP has a greater capacity for Al resistance. The combination of IP and RBCs exhibited a synergistic effect associated with Al resistance.     

麦长管蚜9个miRNA在不同发育阶段的表达

[目的]探讨麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae 9个微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)在两翅型间不同发育阶段的表达模式,揭示其在蚜虫翅型分化中发挥作用的关键时期.[方法]RT-PCR克隆麦长管蚜内参基因U6的cDNA全长序列和9个miRNA,并利用qRT-PCR方法检测9个miRNA在有翅和无翅麦长管蚜不同...     

基于线粒体ND2基因的中国斑翅蝗科部分种类分子系统学研究（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文的目的是通过对斑翅蝗科部分种类的线粒体ND2基因进行分析,重建斑翅蝗科昆虫的系统发育关系,并探讨分子系统发育关系和传统分类结果的异同。扩增并测定了我国斑翅蝗科10属16种蝗虫的线粒体ND2全基因1 023 bp的序列,对序列的碱基组成、转换颠换、系统发育信号等进行了分析。并基于ND2全基因序列数据,分别采用邻接法（NJ）、最简约法（MP）、最大似然法（ML）和贝叶斯法重建了10属16种蝗虫的系统发育关系。结果表明：斑翅蝗科蝗虫ND2全基因A+T含量平均为74.6%;痂蝗亚科和异痂蝗亚科没能得到区分,建议合并为一个亚科;而斑翅蝗亚科和飞蝗亚科的分类地位还存在争议。     

Brittle-1, an Adenylate Translocator, Facilitates Transfer of Extraplastidial Synthesized ADP-Glucose into Amyloplasts of Maize Endosperms

Amyloplasts of starchy tissues such as those of maize (Zea mays L.) function in the synthesis and accumulation of starch during kernel development. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is known to be located in chloroplasts, and for many years it was generally accepted that AGPase was also localized in amyloplasts of starchy tissues. Recent aqueous fractionation of young maize endosperm led to the conclusion that 95% of the cellular AGPase was extraplastidial, but immunolocalization studies at the electron- and light-microscopic levels supported the conclusion that maize endosperm AGPase was localized in the amyloplasts. We report the results of two nonaqueous procedures that provide evidence that in maize endosperms in the linear phase of starch accumulation, 90% or more of the cellular AGPase is extraplastidial. We also provide evidence that the brittle-1 protein (BT1), an adenylate translocator with a KTGGL motif common to the ADP-glucose-binding site of starch synthases and bacterial glycogen synthases, functions in the transfer of ADP-glucose into the amyloplast stroma. The importance of the BT1 translocator in starch accumulation in maize endosperms is demonstrated by the severely reduced starch content in bt1 mutant kernels.     

Role of Militarine in PM2.5-Induced BV-2 Cell Damage

Neurochemical Research - A growing number of studies have shown that air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is closely associated with neuroinflammation in humans. Militarine, a...     

miR-124和miR-520b下调Eps8表达并抑制HeLa细胞增殖

Eps8是一个多功能的信号分子,参与肌动蛋白重排、受体内吞和肿瘤的发生发展. 为了寻找靶向Eps8的microRNAs (miRNAs)并研究其在宫颈癌中的调控作用,本文采用软件预测获得4个可能调控Eps8表达的miRNAs. 利用双荧光素酶报告系统和Western印迹研究发现,miR-124 和miR-520b结合到人EPS8 mRNA的3′非翻译区(untranslated region, UTR)并有效抑制Eps8蛋白的表达. 进一步细胞存活检测、MTT法和克隆形成实验分析显示,miR-124和miR-520b过表达显著抑制HeLa细胞的生长和增殖.而且,miRNA调节的Eps8下调能提高HeLa细胞对化疗药物顺铂的敏感性. 同时证明,miR-124和miR-520b激活肿瘤抑制基因p53与下游基因p21报告基因转录活性,也相应地上调了p53与p21的蛋白表达. 这些结果提示,miR-124和miR-520b下调癌基因EPS8表达,从而抑制HeLa细胞增殖,负调控宫颈癌细胞生长.     

Response and tolerance of root border cells to aluminum toxicity in soybean seedlings

Root border cells (RBCs) and their secreted mucilage are suggested to participate in the resistance against toxic metal cations, including aluminum (Al), in the rhizosphere. However, the mechanisms by which the individual cell populations respond to Al and their role in Al resistance still remain unclear. In this research, the response and tolerance of RBCs to Al toxicity were investigated in the root tips of two soybean cultivars [Zhechun No. 2 (Al-tolerant cultivar) and Huachun No. 18 (Al-sensitive cultivar)]. Al inhibited root elongation and increased pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in the root tip. Removal of RBCs from the root tips resulted in a more severe inhibition of root elongation, especially in Huachun No. 18. Increasing Al levels and treatment time decreased the relative percent viability of RBCs in situ and in vitro in both soybean cultivars. Al application significantly increased mucilage layer thickness around the detached RBCs of both cultivars. Additionally, a significantly higher relative percent cell viability of attached and detached RBCs and thicker mucilage layers were observed in Zhechun No. 2. The higher viability of attached and detached RBCs, as well as the thickening of the mucilage layer in separated RBCs, suggest that RBCs play an important role in protecting root apices from Al toxicity.     

麦长管蚜miRNA实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

[目的]筛选特定条件下麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae稳定表达的微小RNA(miRNA)表达分析内参基因.[方法]根据麦长管蚜miRNA Illumina测序结果筛选出miR-10-3p,miR-993,miR-276,miR-275,miR-252a,miR-1,miR-375,pc-15,pc-73和1个常用...