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We have isolated the delta-globin gene of the New-World spider monkey,
Ateles geoffroyi, and compared its nucleotide sequence with those of other
primate delta- and beta-globin genes. Among primate delta-globin genes, the
rate of nonsynonymous substitutions is much less than the rate of
synonymous substitutions. This suggests that primate delta- globin genes
may remain under evolutionary conservation, perhaps because hemoglobin A2
has an as yet unknown physiological importance.
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Role of tRNA modification in translational fidelity 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
T G Hagervall J U Ericson K B Esberg J N Li G R Bj?rk 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1990,1050(1-3):263-266
In transfer RNA many different modified nucleosides are found, especially in the anticodon region. In this region, pseudouridine (psi) is found in positions 38, 39 or 40 in a subset of tRNA species, 2-methylthio-6-hydroxyisopentenyladenosine (ms2io6A) is found in position 37 in tRNAs that read codons starting with U and 1-methylguanosine (m1G) is found in position 37 in tRNAs reading codons of the UCCNG type. We have used the mutants hisT, miaA and miaB and trmD, which are deficient in the biosynthesis of psi, ms2io6A, and m1G, respectively, to study the functional aspects of the respective modified nucleosides. We have shown: (1) Presence of psi improved the cellular growth rate, the polypeptide step-time, and the efficiency of an amber suppressor, but did not appreciably sense the codon context. (2) Presence of ms2io6A improved the cellular growth rate, the polypeptide step-time and the efficiency of several amber suppressor tRNAs. It also had a profound effect on the codon context sensitivity of the tRNA. (3) Presence of m1G improved the cellular growth rate and the polypeptide steptime and also prevented the tRNA from shifting the reading frame. Thus, these three modified nucleosides present in the anticodon region have apparently different functions. 相似文献
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Camilla Esberg Ben du Toit Rickard Olsson Ulrik Ilstedt Reiner Giesler 《Plant and Soil》2010,329(1-2):209-225
Forests growing on highly weathered soils are often phosphorus (P) limited and competition between geochemical and biological sinks affects their soil P dynamics. In an attempt to elucidate the factors controlling the relative importance of these two sinks, we investigated the relationship of between soil microbial growth kinetics and soil chemical properties following amendments with C, N and P in six South African forest soils. Microbial growth kinetics were determined from respiration curves derived from measurements of CO2 effluxes from soil samples in laboratory incubations. We found that microbial growth rates after C + N additions were positively related to NaOH-extractable P and decreased with soil depth, whereas the lag time (the time between substrate addition and exponential growth) was negatively related to extractable P. However, the growth rate and lag time were unrelated to the soil’s sorption properties or Al and Fe contents. Our results indicate that at least some of the NaOH-extractable inorganic P may be biologically available within a relatively short time (days to weeks) and might be more labile than previously thought. Our results also show that microbial utilization of C + N only seemed to be constrained by P in the deeper part of the soil profiles. 相似文献
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Giselle?L?Ferrari Jefferson?LB?Marques Rajiv?A?Gandhi Simon?R?Heller Fábio?K?Schneider Solomon?Tesfaye Humberto?R?GambaEmail author 《Biomedical engineering online》2010,9(1):26
Background
Autonomic neuropathy is a common and serious complication of diabetes. Early detection is essential to enable appropriate interventional therapy and management. Dynamic pupillometry has been proposed as a simpler and more sensitive tool to detect subclinical autonomic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate pupil responsiveness in diabetic subjects with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) using dynamic pupillometry in two sets of experiments. 相似文献6.
Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient in tundra ecosystems that co-limits or in some cases limits primary production. The availability of P is largely driven by soil characteristics, e.g., pH, organic carbon, and abundance of P-sorbing elements such as aluminium (Al) or iron (Fe). We tested how vegetation and soil properties relate to P availability across different tundra vegetation types. The different soil P fractions in the organic horizon were measured and plant foliar nitrogen (N) to P ratio and a plant bioassay was used as indicators of plant nutrient status. Microbial bioassays were used to study microbial respiration kinetics and in response to carbon, N, and P amendments. The distribution of P fractions differed significantly across vegetation types; labile fractions of P were less abundant in meadow sites compared to heath sites. Calcium-phosphates seemed to be an important P-fraction in meadows, but were only found in lower concentrations in the heath. There were only small differences in NaOH–extractable P between the vegetation types and this correlated with the distribution of oxalate-extractable Al. Plant N:P ratios and the plant bioassay indicated decreasing P availability from dry heath to mesic heath to mesic meadow. The microbial bioassay suggests that the heterotrophic microbial community is C-limited with N as a secondary limiting nutrient although there were indications that microbial P availability was lower in the meadow sites. Overall, we suggest that the observed variations in soil P across vegetation types are affecting both plant and microbial function although the differences seem to be relatively small. 相似文献
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一种新的肝细胞生成素(HPO)转录本及其生物学活性 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
利用 5′RACE技术从人胎肝组织中分离一种新形式的肝细胞生成素 (HPO 2 0 5 )cDNA ,其编码蛋白质氨基酸序列的N端较已报道的人肝细胞生成素HPO(hepatopoietin)多 80个氨基酸 ,推测其蛋白质分子量为 2 3kD。RT PCR检测HPOmRNA在多种肝癌细胞中表达 ,Western印迹可检测到 2 3kDHPO 2 0 5表达 ,表明此种形式HPO在自然状态下存在。将构建的HPO 2 0 5真核表达载体转染入COS 7细胞 ,其表达蛋白质能够刺激HepG2肝癌细胞DNA合成 ;将HPO 2 0 5、HPO和荷空表达载体分别转染入低水平表达HPO的Bel 740 2肝癌细胞株 ,发现HPO 2 0 5比HPO具有较强的激活MAPK磷酸化的活性。细胞周期分析稳定转染HPO 2 0 5 ,HPO细胞的增殖周期也支持这一结论。这些结果表明HPO 2 0 5具有刺激肝源性细胞增殖的活性 ,并提示HPO 2 0 5可能较HPO有更强的生物学活性 相似文献
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在合适的结晶条件下 ,从含Cr无氨培养基中生长的固氮菌 (AzotobactervinelandiiLipmann)突变种UW3 中纯化出的CrFe蛋白可从溶液中析出深棕色斜四棱柱晶体 ,晶体最大的两条对角线长度分别可达 0 .2 5mm和 0 .12mm。PEG 80 0 0、MgCl2 、NaCl、Tris和Hepes缓冲液的浓度及结晶方法等对该蛋白的出晶率、晶核数目、晶体大小和质量都有明显影响。CrFe蛋白结晶所需的上述化合物的最适浓度与在Mn中生长的固氮菌突变种UW3 的MnFe蛋白和缺失nifZ固氮菌突变种的ΔnifZMoFe蛋白结晶所需的最适浓度有所不同。结果表明 ,该蛋白晶体可能为CrFe蛋白的晶体 相似文献
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棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种UW3能在无Mo的无氨培养基中固氮生长,低浓度的Mn对UW3突变种生长有促进作用,从在Mn中生长的UW3菌体中分离得到的部分纯固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白含量有Mn和Fe原子(Fe/Mo/Mn为10.41:0.19:1.00)并有OP MoFe蛋白一半的还原乙炔和质子的活性。这种蛋白的吸收光谱和圆二色谱与MoFe蛋白存在明显的差异,含Mn蛋白的亚基分子量都与MoFe蛋白的α亚基相近。初步结果表明,这种含Mn蛋白可胡是一种固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白。 相似文献
10.
The methylthio group (ms2) of N6-(4-hydroxyisopentenyl)-2-methylthioadenosine (ms2io6A) present next to the anticodon contributes to the decoding efficiency of the tRNA. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
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A Salmonella typhimurium LT2 mutant which harbors a mutation (miaB2508::Tn10dCm) that results in a reduction in the activities of the amber suppressors supF30 (tRNA(CUATyr)), supD10 (tRNA(CUASer)), and supJ60 (tRNA(CUALeu)) was isolated. The mutant was deficient in the methylthio group (ms2) of N6-(4-hydroxyisopentenyl)-2-methylthioadenosine (ms2io6A), a modified nucleoside that is normally present next to the anticodon (position 37) in tRNAs that read codons that start with uridine. Consequently, the mutant had i6A37 instead of ms2io6A37 in its tRNA. Only small amounts of io6A37 was found. We suggest that the synthesis of ms2io6A occurs in the following order: A-37-->i6A37-->ms2i6A37-->ms2io6A37. The mutation miaB2508::Tn10dCm was 60% linked to the nag gene (min 15) and 40% linked to the fur gene and is located counterclockwise from both of these genes. The growth rates of the mutant in four growth media did not significantly deviate from those of a wild-type strain. The polypeptide chain elongation rate was also unaffected in the mutant. However, the miaB2508::Tn10dCm mutation rendered the cell more resistant or sensitive, compared with a wild-type cell, to several amino acid analogs, suggesting that this mutation influences the regulation of several amino acid biosynthetic operons. The efficiencies of the aforementioned amber suppressors were decreased to as low as 16%, depending on the suppressor and the codon context monitored, demonstrating that the ms2 group of ms2io6A contributes to the decoding efficiency of tRNA. However, the major impact of the ms2io6 modification in the decoding process comes from the io6 group alone or from the combination of the ms2 and io6 groups, not from the ms2 group alone. 相似文献