Über den Einfluss elektromagnetischer Strahlung auf die Wismutchlorid—Fällungsreaktion nach Piccardi

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirkung von IR-Strahlung, sichtbaren Licht, UV-, Röntgen- und-Strahlung auf die Koagulationsgeschwindigkeit von BiOCl entsprechend der Testreaktion nach Piccardi untersucht. Ausserdem wurden Versuche mit Kupfer- und Bleiabschirmung vorgenommen. Es zeigte sich, dass die Koagulation durch IR-Strahlung sowie durch Kupfer- und Bleiabschirmung beschleunigt, durch UV-, Röntgen- und-Strahlung dagegen verzögert wird. Bei sichtbarem Licht war kein so deutlicher Effekt erkennbar. Die Beobachtungen wurden damit erklärt, dass die elektromagnetischen Strahlen wahrscheinlich die den Koagulationsmechanismus steuernde Hydrathüllenbildung an der Oberfläche der bei der Reaktion entstehenden BiO^*-Ionen beeinflussen.

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The influence of infrared rays, visible light, UV-, X- and-rays on the coagulation speed of BiOCl according to the test reaction of Piccardi was studied. Screening experiments with copper and lead were also carried out. It was found that the coagulation was accelerated under infrared irradiation or copper and lead screens and decelerated under UV-, X- or-irradiation. Visible light had no clear effect. The observations are explained by the assumption that the hydration of BiO^*-ions formed in the test reaction, is influenced by the electromagnetic rays.

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Resume On a examiné l'influence de rayons infra-rouges, du spectre visible ainsi que de rayons ultra-violets, X et sur la vitesse de coagulation du BiOCl selon la méthode de Piccardi. On a également procédé à des essais en couvrant la solution au moyen d'écrans de cuivre ou de plomb. On a trouvé que la vitesse de coagulation était accrue sous écrans de cuivre et de plomb ainsi qu'après irradiation aux infra-rouges. Elle était par contre ralentie par un traitement aux rayons ultra-violets, X et Le spectre visible n'a pas d'effets univoques. On explique ces constatations en admettant que l'hydratation des ions BiO^* formés dans la réaction du test de Piccardi est influencée par le rayonnement électromagnétique.

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Presented at the Second International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Relationships in Physical Chemistry and in the Sciences of Life. Brussels, September 1968.     

Relationship between the pulse rate of atmospherics and the diffusion time of ions in gelatin films

The pulse rates of natural atmospherics, recorded at the frequencies of 10 and 27 kHz respectively, were correlated with the measured diffusion times (T_D) of ions in gelatin films. It was found that the difference S of the atmospherics pulse rates at 10 and 27 kHz correlates well with the variations of the T_D-values. The correlation coefficient is 0.75 (S/T_D) in each case. It is evident that the natural electromagnetic radiation is able to change the chemical structure of the gelatin resulting in the observed variations of diffusion times of ions.     

Das Verhalten der natürlichen Klein — und Grossionen — konzentration in geschlossenen Räumen

The natural small- and large-ion concentration was simultaneously recorded in different closed or shielded rooms. It was found that the natural fluctuations of these particle concentrations were diminished in closed rooms. In a metal-shielded room the fluctuations were almost completely eliminated.     

Excitation of subjective light patterns (phosphenes) at different altitudes

Subjective light patterns (phosphenes) can be produced by electrical stimulation of the temples with rectangular current pulses of about 0.1 to 1 mA RMS within the electroencephalographic frequency range (1 to 70 c/s). The phosphenes either consist of formless flickering of the visual field or of different abstract geometrical figures on a dark background. Electrical excitation of phosphenes in Munich (altitude 530 m) and in the mountains at 2962 m showed the tendency that more phosphenes can be elicited at high altitude. There was no difference between the types of phosphenes obtained at the two altitude levels.     

The in vitro effects of selected substances and nanomaterials against Diaporthe eres,Diplodia seriata and Eutypa lata

Grapevine trunk pathogens (GTPs) cause serious damage to grapevines and have significant economic impacts. There is no effective protection against grapevine trunk diseases. Newly designed AgSe nanoparticles (NPs) and CuSe NPs, single-element Ag NPs, Cu NPs, Se NPs and selected chemicals or chemical agents such as sodium arsenite, 8-hydroxyquinoline, silver nitrate, colloidal silver, Altron Silver fertilizer and silver thiosulfate complex (NH₄)₃/Ag(S₂O₃)₂ were tested in vitro against two serious GTPs Diaporthe eres, Eutypa lata and Diplodia seriata isolated from walnut. The most significant inhibition of fungal growth was observed for silver nitrate and AgSe NPs, which showed the highest level of half the maximum effective EC₅₀ concentration with the lowest concentrations. In the case of silver nitrate at a concentration of 1000 mg L⁻¹, 79% inhibition of mycelial growth was observed for the pathogen E. lata, 48% for D. seriata and 54% for D. eres. AgSe NPs, in which the concentration of silver is 2588 mg L⁻¹ and that of selenium is 902 mg L⁻¹, showed 68% inhibition of mycelial growth in the pathogen E. lata, 54% in D. seriata and 58% in D. eres.     

A hypothesis concerning the absorption of atmospherics in photo gelatin films

Gelatin is a protein, consisting of long polypeptide chains which form left-handed triple helixes. Incident atmospherics impulses can change the bond angles of distinct atoms (the socalled C-atoms) in these structures. This mechanism alters the widths of the pores in gelatin and thus determines the diffusion behavior of ions penetrating that material.     

The biophysically active waveforms of atmospherics incident on gelatin films

About 35,000 atmospherics impulses were detected with a receiver, stored on a digital image storage unit and frequency analyzed with a tuneable band pass filter. The occurrence of different waveforms was compared with the measured values of diffusion times of ions in gelatin films. It was found that only definitie types of atmospherics with characteristic waveforms and frequency spectra exert a direct influence on the diffusion time of ions in gelatin films.