Beitrag zur Flora von Bosnien und der Hercegovina

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MährischeThymus-Formen

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Beitrag zur Flora der Beskiden und des Hochgesenkes

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Regulation of acid hydrolysis of sucrose in acid lime juice sac cells

The sucrose content of acid lime [ Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing.] juice tissue was measured at time 0 and at various times following incubation at 15.5, 26.6 and 37.7°C. The decline in sucrose content in fruit stored at 15.5°C paralleled the expected values for a sucrose solution at pH 2.1. At higher temperatures, the in vivo sucrose content decreased at significantly lower rates than the expected values. In fruit stored at 26.6 and 37.7°C, the vacuolar pH increased 0.11 and 0.23 units, respectively. When sucrose hydrolysis was recalculated at the increased vacuolar pH of juice cells stored at 26.6 and 37.7°C, the calculated values were similar to the measured values obtained in vivo. It is concluded that within the limits of the experimental conditions, the rates of sucrose acid hydrolysis are regulated by changes in the vacuolar H⁺ concentration.     

Effects of simulated fire on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in pinyon-juniper woodland soil

Effects of fire on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were tested using microcosms constructed from soil, litter, and duff collected beneath canopies of pinyon pine, Utah juniper, and in the open space (interspace). Burning was conducted over wet and dry soils. Soil temperatures were monitored continuously throughout the microcosms during burning. Plants grown in soils burned when dry had a lower VAM colonization than soils burned when wet. Juniper soils demonstrated the greatest reduction, over 95%, compared to their respective controls. Plants grown in interspace soils burned when wet were least affected. There was a positive correlation (r²=0.90) between the decrease in VAM colonization and the soil temperature as a result of the fire. Temperature effects, and associated reductions in VAM, were related to amount of litter burned in each microcosm and the moisture content of the soils.     

Isolation and characterization of sporulation-specific promoters in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A library of random yeast genomic DNA:lacZ fusions has been constructed using an episomal yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vector (pCS1). Plasmid pCS1 requires insertion of a promoter and an in frame ATG codon upstream of its resident truncated lacZ gene to regulate expression in yeast. Yeast genomic DNA fragments of 4-6 kb were generated by partial digestion with Sau3A and ligated into the unique BamHI site of plasmid pCS1 to generate a library of 5 x 10(4) individual E. coli transformants. This library was screened to identify promoter-lacZ fusions that were expressed uniquely during sporulation. Of 342 yeast transformants that exhibited beta-galactosidase activity, two were found to express the lacZ gene in a sporulation-specific manner. This paper presents the characterization of two genomic yeast DNA fragments containing promoters that control lacZ expression during the sporulation process. Expression from the promoter present in plasmid pJC18 occurred from 11-21 hours into the sporulation process, while the promoter in plasmid pJC217 was active from 4-14 hours. Staining of nuclear DNA to correlate nuclear morphology with timing of gene expression showed when each of these promoters was active in terms of the morphological stages of sporulation.