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SHOKO YASUKAWA HIDETOSHI KATO RYOHEI YAMAOKA HAJIME TANAKA HIROHITO ARAI SHOICHI KAWANO 《Plant Species Biology》1992,7(2-3):121-140
Abstract Volatile substances emitted from the flowers of eight Magnolia taxa ( M. sieboldii ssp. japonica, M. praecocissima var. praecocissima and var. borealis, M. tomentosa, M. salicifolia, M. obovata, M. denudata, and M. grandiflora ) and one Michelia species ( M. compressa ) (Magnoliaceae) were examined and identified using GC-MS. Volatile substances of these Magnolia and Michelia species consist primarily of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids produced by the mevalonate pathway, acetogenins by the acetate-malonate pathway, and phenyl-propanoids by the shikimate pathway. These Magnolia and Michelia species all possessed various combinations of volatile monoterpenoids, acetogenins, and phenylpropanoids, except for Magnolia obovata , which emitted primarily sesquiterpenoids. Free amino acids in pollen of 12 Magnolia and one Liriodendron species were also analyzed, and their value as food sources for pollinators evaluated.
Pollinators visiting the flowers of five Magnolia species were collected in their native sites and identified. Their behaviors and roles as pollinating agents were assessed. 相似文献
Pollinators visiting the flowers of five Magnolia species were collected in their native sites and identified. Their behaviors and roles as pollinating agents were assessed. 相似文献
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MASAHISA NAKAMURA KEIICHIRO YAMAGUCHI AKIRA SUZUKI SHOICHI OKINAGA KIYOSHI ARAI 《Development, growth & differentiation》1986,28(5):499-504
Round spermatids (steps 1–8) were isolated from rat testes and glucose transport into the cells was examined. The exposure of spermatids to glucose resulted in an extremely low level of ATP. In contrast, the level of ATP remained constant in the presence of pyruvate. Transport of a glucose analogue, 2-deoxy-D-[3 H]glucose ([3 H]dGlc) into spermatids was correlated with intracellular levels of ATP and was much greater in cells with higher rather than lower levels of ATP. [3 H]dGlc transport into spermatids with low levels of ATP was partially reversed when the cells were incubated with pyruvate. Inhibition of [3 H]dGlc transport was exerted on Vmax and not on Km. Moreover, glucose acted as a competitive inhibitor of [3 H]dGlc uptake (Km increased; Vmax unaltered). These results suggest that glucose transport into spermatids is active in vitro and probably regulated by the intracellular level of ATP. 相似文献
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MASAHISA NAKAMURA AKIRA SUZUKI SHOICHI OKINAGA KIYOSHI ARAI 《Development, growth & differentiation》1984,26(5):497-502
The effects of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate (fruc-2, 6-P2 ) on the key-enzyme of gluconeogenesis, fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase (fruc-P2 ase; D-fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) in spermatid extract from rat testes were studied. The fruc-P2 ase activity in the spermatids of rats was suppressed by AMP and fruc-2, 6-P2 . The inhibition of fruc-2, 6-P2 was much stronger at low than at high substrate concentrations, and enhanced synergistically with AMP. The substrate saturation curve was changed by fruc-2, 6-P2 hyperbolic to sigmoidal. Furthermore, the concentration of AMP that decreased the activity to 50% was much lower in the presence than in the absence of fruc-2, 6-P2 . These results indicate the possibility that gluconeogenesis in spermatids of rats is controlled by AMP and fruc-2, 6-P2 . 相似文献
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ANDREW V. BRADLEY FRANCE F. GERARD NICOLAS BARBIER GRAHAM P. WEEDON LIANA O. ANDERSON CHRIS HUNTINGFORD LUIZ E. O. C. ARAGÃO PRZEMYSLAW ZELAZOWSKI EGIDIO ARAI 《Global Change Biology》2011,17(6):2245-2260
In tropical areas, Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) still have deficiencies in simulating the timing of vegetation phenology. To start addressing this problem, standard Fourier‐based methods are applied to aerosol screened monthly remotely sensed phenology time series (Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI) and two major driving factors of phenology: solar radiation and precipitation (for March 2000 through December 2006 over northern South America). At 1 × 1 km scale using, power (or variance) spectra on good quality aerosol screened time series, annual cycles in EVI are detected across 58.24% of the study area, the strongest (largest amplitude) occurring in the savanna. Terra Firme forest have weak but significant annual cycles in comparison with savannas because of the heterogeneity of vegetation and nonsynchronous phenological events within 1 × 1 km scale pixels. Significant annual cycles for radiation and precipitation account for 86% and 90% of the region, respectively, with different spatial patterns to phenology. Cross‐spectral analysis was used to compare separately radiation with phenology/EVI, precipitation with phenology/EVI and radiation with precipitation. Overall the majority of the Terra Firme forest appears to have radiation as the driver of phenology (either radiation is in phase or leading phenology/EVI at the annual scale). These results are in agreement with previous research, although in Acre, central and eastern Peru and northern Bolivia there is a coexistence of ‘in phase’ precipitation over Terra Firme forest. In contrast in most areas of savanna precipitation appears to be a driver and savanna areas experiencing an inverse (antiphase) relationship between radiation and phenology is consistent with inhibited grassland growth due to soil moisture limitation. The resulting maps provide a better spatial understanding of phenology–driver relationships offering a bench mark to parameterize ecological models. 相似文献
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Tetsuo ARAI Ju-Peng LIU Chun-Mei HUANG Xin-Yue CHENG Yasuhiko WATARI Makio TAKEDA 《Entomological Science》2004,7(3):237-244
Photoperiodic regulation of nymphal development was examined in four species of cricket collected in the Xinjiang‐Uygur Autonomy Region, China (approximately 43°N, 81–89°E). Fifty percent of individuals of Modicogryllus frontalis reared at 28°C reached adulthood in approximately 80 days in conditions of 11 h light : 13 h dark (LD 11:13) to 14:10, and in approximately 95 days under LD 15:9 to 16:8. Melanogryllus desertus started adult emergence earliest under LD 16:8 at 28°C, but some individuals required much longer to mature, and thus two peaks of adult emergence occurred at approximately 60 and 160 days after hatching. More individuals hatched during the late peak in LD 18:6 than in LD 16:8. The mean nymphal period was approximately 100 days in LD 11:13 to 14:10. Both species showed short‐day type photoperiodic responses, but Mo. frontalis developed faster than did Me. desertus. The latter occupied a wider range of habitat conditions and was more variable in life cycle than the former. Modicogryllus burdigalensis started adult emergence earliest in LD 16:8 at 28°C in the six photoperiods tested, most adults emerging within 60 days. The mean nymphal period was 80 days in LD 15:9, 135 days in LD 14:10 and 80–100 days in LD 11:13 to 13:11, showing an intermediate type of photoperiodic response. Acheta domesticus was a long‐day type species, and the proportion of delayed individuals increased with decreasing photoperiod. In the dry climate of Xinjiang‐Uygur, nymphal overwintering seems to be successful in all of the four different patterns of nymphal development. 相似文献
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AKIRA ITO NATSUKO ARAI YOSHIATSU TSUTSUMI SOICHI IMAI 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1997,44(6):586-591
ABSTRACT. Composition of rumen ciliate fauna in five Zambian, sassaby antelopes was determined. Six genera, 18 species, and four forms were identified. One new species and form, belonging to the subfamily Diplodiniinae, were found, then labeled Ostracodinium damaliscus n. sp. and Diplodinium bubalidis f. aspinosum n. f., respectively. Only ophryoscolecid species were present while isotrichids were absent. Twelve of 18 total species are commmonly found in African antelopes. Three of those 12 species, Entodinium fyferi, Enoploplastron garstangi and Opisthotrichum janus , are only found in African antelopes. Percentage composition was low in the genera ml of rumen fluid, and the average number of ciliate species per host was 17.2. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT.
- 1 The behaviour of nectar-collecting Bombus hypocrita sapporensis Cockerell queens was observed on a population of a spring ephemeral plant Corydalis ambigua Cham, et Schlecht.
- 2 Daily patterns of activity and behaviour changed with the progress of flowering. Activity peaked shortly before sunset early in the flowering season but approximately at noon towards the end of flowering. In the peak flowering period the queens tended to visit nearby plants and to change direction often, whereas early or late in the flowering period they flew further between visits and were less likely to change direction.
- 3 Each plant was visited 0 to 24 times (mean 9.4 ±SD 5.2) by the queens during the whole flowering season.
- 4 The queens collected nectar, rarely through the front of the flowers but mostly through the spurs perforated by themselves or predecessors. At the beginning of the flowering season the illegitimate foragers often visited the front of the flowers before moving to the spurs; later, most queens quickly learned to land directly on the spurs.
- 5 Even the 59.7% of plants that were visited only by illegitimate foragers set seeds. Close observation confirmed that the illegitimate foragers opened the inner petals enclosing anthers and stigma frequently when visiting the front of the flowers before robbing, or occasionally when walking about on the flowers or collecting nectar through the perforated spurs.