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1.
The levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and alkaline-hydrolyzable ABA-conjugate (putatively identified as the glucosyl ester, abscisyl-β-d-glucopyranoside) were determined by enzyme immunoassay in the organs of developing navel orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck cv Washington) flowers. Although both compounds were detected in every tissue, developmentally related differences between organs in the total and relative contents were observed. The highest ABA levels were observed in the stigma/style shortly after anthesis (11.5 ± 0.6 nanomoles ABA per gram fresh weight and 4.8 ± 0.6 nanomoles ABA-conjugate per gram fresh weight); whereas, the highest ABA-conjugate levels were observed at the same time in the floral disc (hypogynous disc plus calyx; 3.5 ± 0.1 nmol nanomols ABA per gram fresh weight and 11.8 ± 0.9 nanomoles ABA-conjugate per gram fresh weight). These results suggest that differences in ABA content reflect tissue-specific variation in the facility for ABA conjugation. Increased ABA levels were observed in the stigma/style near anthesis; however, a relationship with pollination is discounted, since `Washington' navel orange flowers are male sterile and devoid of pollen. 相似文献
2.
Capillary endothelial cell tropism of PVC-211 murine leukemia virus and its application for gene transduction. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
M Masuda C A Hanson N V Dugger D S Robbins S G Wilt S K Ruscetti P M Hoffman 《Journal of virology》1997,71(8):6168-6173
PVC-211 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) causes neurodegenerative disease following inoculation of neonatal, but not adult, mice and rats. It was previously shown that tropism for brain capillary endothelial cells (CEC) was a determinant of the viral neuropathogenicity. In this study, we demonstrate that host age-dependent replication of PVC-211 MuLV in vivo occurs in CEC in the brain as well as in other organs, such as the liver, kidney, and heart. In contrast, primary explant cultures of CEC derived from brains and livers of adult and neonatal rats could be infected by PVC-211 MuLV, suggesting that the age-dependent susceptibility was abrogated in vitro. Although CEC were generally less susceptible to MuLV-mediated gene transduction than fibroblasts, treatment of CEC with 2-deoxyglucose followed by inoculation of a PVC-211 MuLV-pseudotyped vector in the absence of heparin improved the transduction efficiency. These observations support the possibility that PVC-211 MuLV may be useful for establishing models of CEC gene transduction. 相似文献
3.
In vitro stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in immature embryonic chick pelvic cartilage by adenosine 下载免费PDF全文
Cyclic AMP content in embryonic chick pelvic cartilage increases significantly as the embryo ages from 8 to 10 d. This in ovo elevation in cyclic AMP content precedes maximal cartilage alkaline phosphatase activity by some 24 h. We studied whether this temporal relationship may be causally related, using an in vitro organ culture. Incubation of pelvic cartilage from 9- and 10-d embryos in medium containing monobutyryl cyclic AMP (BtcAMP) resulted in significant increases in alkaline phosphatase activity (220 and 66 percent, respectively) as compared to that of cartilages incubated in medium alone. This stimulation was both concentration- and time-dependent with maximal response at 0.5 mM BtcAMP and 4-h incubation, respectively. Similar incubations of cartilage in medium containing 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine (MIX), 0.25 mM, also resulted in increased alkaline phosphatase activity (114 percent). However, pelvic cartilage from 11-d embryos incubated in medium containing BtcAMP or MIX showed no increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. We postulated that developmental age was the factor responsible for this difference in response and that immature cartilage (that with little or no alkaline phosphatase activity) would respond to BtcAMP whereas mature cartilage (that with significant alkaline phosphatase activity) would not. This was tested by incubating end sections of 11-d cartilage, which have little alkaline phosphatase activity, and center sections, which have significantly alkaline phosphatase activity, with both BtcAMP and MIX. Alkaline phosphatase activity in end sections (immature cartilage) was stimulated by BtcAMP and MIX, whereas it was not stimulated in the center sections. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide inhibited BtcAMP and MIX stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, the in vitro data suggest that cyclic AMP is a mediator for the stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in embryonic cartilage. 相似文献
4.
The effects of boron-deficient culture were studied on the unicellular diatom. Cylindrotheca fusiformis Reimann and Lewin. After 24 to 30 h, cell division was almost completely inhibited in boron-deficient cultures. By 48 h of culture, boron-deficient diatoms had approximately twice the modal cell volume of control cells, and at least twice the amount of organic constituents such as protein (2.0x), insoluble carbohydrate (2.4x), total phenols (2.6x), and chlorophyll at (2.1x). Boron deficiency led to irreversible damage after this time.
Dark respiration was 1 nmol O2 /min × 106 cells for both control and boron-deficient diatoms prior to 40 h of culture. By 48 h, the respiratory rate of boron-deficient diatoms was double that of controls. The proportion of 14 C-glucose metabolized by the pentose phosphate pathway was similar in both control and boron-deficient diatoms after 24 and 48 h of culture. After 24 h, the in vitro activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was similar in both control and boron-deficient cells, although the pool size of its substrate, glucose-6-phosphate, was 26% greater in boron-deficient cells. The cellular amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase continued to increase once mitosis was arrested in boron-deficient diatoms. Boric acid (1 mM) inhibited 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase by 18% in diatom homogenates.
During the early stages of boron deficiency, the uptake of silicate, nitrate, and phosphate, and the in vitro activity of β-glucosidase were similar to control diatoms. After cell division was inhibited, boron-deficient diatoms accumulated more nitrate and phosphate, and retained a higher level of β-glucosidase than control cells. 相似文献
Dark respiration was 1 nmol O
During the early stages of boron deficiency, the uptake of silicate, nitrate, and phosphate, and the in vitro activity of β-glucosidase were similar to control diatoms. After cell division was inhibited, boron-deficient diatoms accumulated more nitrate and phosphate, and retained a higher level of β-glucosidase than control cells. 相似文献
5.
Cotton ovules cultured in an insufficiency of boron (10 micromolar), showed inhibition of fiber growth by the ninth day in culture. Averaging data from eight to eleven days of culture under these conditions, total incorporation of [6-14C]orotic acid into fiber was inhibited by 59%. Inhibition was evident in all radioactively labeled pools, indicating that the effect may be at the membrane transport level or at an early stage of orotic acid metabolism. On a per cent basis, incorporation into RNA under boron deficiency was higher than under sufficiency. The effect is greater on the eighth day of culture, with a decreasing difference from controls up to the eleventh day. Conversely, the per cent incorporation into UDP-glucose was lower under boron deficiency than in controls, having a more or less constant value from 8 to 11 days of culture. Thus, a primary event of boron deficiency in cotton fiber culture is an alteration in the flow of metabolites through the pyrimidine synthesis pathway. 相似文献
6.
7.
Janousek Christopher N. Dugger Bruce D. Drucker Brandon M. Thorne Karen M. 《Hydrobiologia》2020,847(20):4311-4323
Hydrobiologia - Plant productivity is central to numerous ecosystem functions in tidal wetlands. We examined how productivity of brackish marsh plants in northern California responded to abiotic... 相似文献
8.
Effects of Boron Deficiency on Rubidium Uptake and Photosynthesis in the Diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis 下载免费PDF全文
Culturing the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis under boron-deficient conditions leads to changes in 86Rb uptake and photosynthesis prior to any effect on the rate of cell division. The influx rate of 86Rb into boron-deficient cells was 79% of the control rate after 5 to 5.5 hours culture. Despite lowered 86Rb influx, however, boron-deficient diatoms accumulated more 86Rb than did control cells; this was due to the deficient cells' lower efflux rate. After 24 hours culture, boron-deficient cells had accumulated 30% more 86Rb than had control cells, while releasing 86Rb at only one-half the control rate. Increased photosynthetic rates were another effect of boron deficiency during this early stage of culture. Prior to 20 hours boron-deficient culture, diatoms had photosynthetic rates 37% greater than those of control cells. Corresponding to the increase in photosynthesis, boron-deficient diatoms had 12% more carbohydrate than control cells after 16 hours culture. 相似文献
9.
10.
Annerieke C van Groenestijn Ingrid GL van de Port Carin D Schröder Marcel WM Post Hepke F Grupstra Esther T Kruitwagen Harmen van der Linde Reinout O van Vliet Margreet GH van de Weerd Leonard H van den Berg Eline Lindeman 《BMC neurology》2011,11(1):1-11