Improved predictive test for MEN2, using flanking dinucleotide repeats and RFLPs.

Gene(s) for the autosomal dominant endocrine cancer syndromes, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC1) all map to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10. Predictive testing for the inheritance of mutant alleles in individuals at risk for these disorders has been limited by the availability of highly informative and closely linked flanking markers. We describe the development of eight new markers, including two PCR-based dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms and six RFLPs that flank the disease loci. One of the dinucleotide repeat markers (sJRH-1) derives from the RBP3 locus on 10q11.2 and has a PIC of .88. The other dinucleotide repeat (sTCL-1) defines a new locus, D10S176, that maps by in situ hybridization to 10p11.2 and has a PIC of .68. We have constructed a new genetic linkage map of the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10, on the basis of 13 polymorphisms at six loci, which places the MEN2A locus between the dinucleotide repeat markers, with odds of 5,750:1 over the next most likely position. Using this set of markers, predictive genetic testing of 130 at-risk individuals from six families segregating MEN2A revealed that 95% were jointly informative with flanking markers, representing a significant improvement in genetic testing capabilities.     

Taxonomy, biology and abundance of icefishes, or noodlefishes (Salangidae), in the Yellow River estuary of the Bohai Sea, China

Four species of icefishes were sampled in the Yellow River estuary of the Bohai Sea from April 1984 to April 1985 and from February 1988 to June 1989. Morphological analysis showed that they belonged to three subfamilies of Salangidae: one species from Protosalangicae, Protosalanx chinensis ; two species from Salanginae, Salanx ariakensis and Salanx prognathus ; and one species, Neosalanx andersoni , from Salangichthyinae, a new subfamily. External morphological characteristics, population composition, growth, maturity, food habits, longevity, fecundity, abundance and distribution of these icefishes are described. Based on these analyses, a clear outline of taxonomy, zoogeography aod biology of icefishes in the Yellow River estuary of the Bohai Sea was established.     

训练与β－内啡肽对急性运动反应关系的研究

用放射免疫法测定训练和非训练大鼠运动前、运动到５０％耐力时间（Ｔ１／２）和衰竭时丘脑下部和血浆β－内啡肽（β－ＥＰ）的含量,探索了训练与β－ＥＰ对急性运动反应的关系。结果表明：训练组大鼠丘脑下部β－ＥＰ含量在运动到Ｔ１／２和衰竭时分别较安静时提高了４％和１５％;对照组大鼠在Ｔ１／２时,β－ＥＰ的变化趋势同训练组,以后随运动生理负荷的增强而迅速降低,衰竭时较Ｔ１／２时降低了２６％,较训练组降低了３２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。训练组大鼠血浆β－ＥＰ含量随运动开始迅速上升,Ｔ１／２时较运动前增加了５．７倍（Ｐ＜０．０１）,以后上升的幅度减小;非训练组大鼠血浆β－ＥＰ也随运动开始迅速提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｔ１／２后趋于稳定,在Ｔ１／２和衰竭时分别比训练组低２２％和２６％。表明非训练组大鼠丘脑下部β－Ｅｐ对急性运动呈明显的双相变化,训练提高了大鼠丘脑下部和血浆β－ＥＰ对衰竭运动的反应。     

Retraction Note: miR-195-5p/NOTCH2-mediated EMT modulates IL-4 secretion in colorectal cancer to affect M2-like TAM polarization

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally arises from a background of liver cirrhosis (LC). Patients with cirrhosis and suspected HCC are recommended to undergo serum biomarker tests and imaging diagnostic evaluation. However, the performance of routine diagnostic methods in detecting early HCC remains unpromising.

Methods

Here, we conducted a large-scale, multicenter study of 1675 participants including 490 healthy controls, 577 LC patients, and 608 HCC patients from nine clinical centers across nine provinces of China, profiled gene mutation signatures of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using Circulating Single-Molecule Amplification and Resequencing Technology (cSMART) through detecting 931 mutation sites across 21 genes.

Results

An integrated diagnostic model called “Combined method” was developed by combining three mutation sites and three serum biomarkers. Combined method outperformed AFP in the diagnosis of HCC, especially early HCC, with sensitivities of 81.25% for all stages and 66.67% for early HCC, respectively. Importantly, the integrated model exhibited high accuracy in differentiating AFP-negative, AFP-L3-negative, and PIVKA-II-negative HCCs from LCs.

     

真核生物DNA复制起始调控

复制起始调控是真核生物复制调控机制的重要环节,也是细胞生长调控的核心问题．对SV40病毒和酵母体系的研究为阐明真核生物的复制起始机制及其与细胞周期的关系提供了线索．目前,与DNA复制起始有关的多种蛋白质因子（如核蛋白P₁,DNA单链结合蛋白,DNA聚合酶α,增殖细胞核抗原等）的作用机理逐渐明朗,周期依赖的调控特点得到了证实文章着重介绍了DNA复制起始在细胞周期中的两个调控点及各种周期蛋白在该点的作用,文中还涉及复制起始异常与肿瘤发生的关系.     

渤海南部半滑舌鳎的食性及摄食的季节性变化

本文研究了渤海南部半滑鳎的食性及其摄食的季节性变化,胃食物分析结果表明,半滑舌鳎为底栖生物食性鱼类,以虾类,蟹类,双壳类及部分中下层小型鱼类为主要食物,兼食一些多毛类,头足类,腹足类,棘皮动物及海葵,半滑舌鳎终年摄食,其摄食强度的周年变化不大,半滑舌鳎常年捕食鲜明鼓虾,日本鼓虾,口虾蛄,隆线强蟹及泥古隆背蟹等。夏季加强捕食小刀蛏,凸壳肌蛤等双壳类,降春季外还捕食一些以虾虎鱼为主的中下层小型鱼类。     

乳果糖联合美常安治疗成人功能性便秘的临床疗效观察

目的 观察乳果糖联合美常安(枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌)治疗成人功能性便秘的疗效及安全性.方法 采用随机分组、平行对照试验.按入选标准选择成人便秘患者64例,随机进入试验组和对照组,每组均为32例.试验组服用乳果糖15 mL bid和美常安500 mg tid;对照组服用乳果糖15 mL bid,疗程2周.观察排便次数、大便性状及便秘伴随症状的变化.结果 试验组48 h首次排便率(78.12％)明显高于对照组(53.33％)(P＜0.05);试验组平均每周排便次数明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);治疗后试验组和对照组大便恢复正常率分别为87.50％和60.00％(P＜0.05),试验组腹胀缓解率(84.00％)及排便困难缓解率(92.59％)均明显高于对照组(56.52％和65.38％)(均为P ＜0.05);试验组总有效率(93.75％)明显高于对照组(73.33％)(P＜0.05);两组均无严重不良反应发生.结论 乳果糖联合美常安治疗成人功能性便秘比单纯应用乳果糖治疗症状改善快、效果好、安全.     

硫酸乙酰肝素3-O硫酸基转移酶5的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

经过PCR克隆得到硫酸乙酰肝素3-O硫酸基转移酶5(3-OST-5)的基因,将其与大肠杆菌表达载体pET-15b连接后,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,使用镍亲和层析柱纯化得到具有活性的3-OST-5。经测定纯化后的3-OST-5比活达到0.58 U/mg,是纯化前的5.27倍,回收率达80.4%。在此基础上,研究了该酶的酶学性质,酶反应的最适温度为35℃,稳定范围为20-40℃;最适pH为7.0,在pH7.0-9.0范围内稳定。在反应液中加入终浓度为1 mmol/L的K+、Ca2+、Ba2+对酶促反应有一定的促进作用。     

人工油松林中不同植物叶片非结构性碳水化合物含量对氮添加的响应

全球氮沉降通过影响树木叶片的生理过程影响森林生态系统的结构与组成,但目前关于氮沉降对森林生态系统中不同植物叶片非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量的影响还不十分清楚.本研究选取黄土丘陵区人工油松林中油松、辽东栎、忍冬、绣线菊、黄刺玫、茜草、披针苔草7种主要高等植物,比较了3年氮添加(0、3、6、9 g N·m^-2·a^-1,分别用N₀、N₃、N₆、N₉表示)对7种植物叶片中NSC的影响.结果表明: 不同植物叶片可溶性糖、淀粉含量变异很大,二者变异最高的均为黄刺玫,最低的分别为绣线菊和披针苔草;不同植物可溶性糖、淀粉对氮添加的响应存在明显差异.N₆处理下茜草的可溶性糖和淀粉的变异高于其他物种,N₃和N₉处理下绣线菊的变异高于其他物种,可溶性糖和淀粉含量变异最小的物种在不同氮添加水平下不同.随着氮添加水平的增加,油松和披针苔草的可溶性糖含量持续升高,绣线菊持续降低,辽东栎、忍冬和黄刺玫的可溶性糖含量先降低后增加,在N₆处理达到最小,而茜草的可溶性糖含量呈现较复杂的变化趋势.氮添加对植物叶片中淀粉含量的影响表现为油松、忍冬和披针苔草的淀粉含量持续增加,绣线菊先降低后增加,在N₃处理达到最小,而黄刺玫和茜草则呈现较复杂的变化趋势,辽东栎淀粉含量变化趋势平缓.在氮添加后,土壤pH、有机碳、全氮、全磷与植物叶片NSC含量无相关关系,仅N₀和N₃水平下上述土壤理化指标会显著影响可溶性糖/淀粉.表明林地不同植物叶片中NSC含量对氮添加的响应明显不同,研究全球氮沉降或氮添加对林地生态系统的影响需要考虑不同植物,尤其不同生活型植物的不同响应.