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The neuropeptide galanin has been implicated in the regulation of appetitive and consummatory behaviors. Prior studies have shown that direct injection of galanin into the hypothalamus results in increased release of dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and parallel increases in food and alcohol consumption. These studies are consistent with a role of hypothalamic galanin in regulating reward system reactivity. In humans, a common functional haplotype (GAL5.1) within a remote enhancer region upstream of the galanin gene (GAL) affects promoter activity and galanin expression in hypothalamic neurons in vitro. Given the effects of hypothalamic galanin on NAcc DA release and the effects of the GAL5.1 haplotype on GAL expression, we examined the impact of this functional genetic variation on human reward‐related ventral striatum (VS) reactivity. Using an imaging genetics strategy in Caucasian individuals (N = 138, 72 women) participating in the ongoing Duke Neurogenetics Study, we report a significant gender‐by‐genotype interaction (right hemisphere: F1,134 = 8.08, P = 0.005; left hemisphere: F1,134 = 5.39, P = 0.022), such that homozygosity for the GG haplotype, which predicts greater GAL expression, is associated with relatively increased VS reactivity in women (n = 50, right hemisphere: P = 0.015; left hemisphere: P = 0.060), but not in men (N = 49, P‐values > 0.10). Furthermore, these differences in VS reactivity correlated positively with differences in alcohol use, such that VS reactivity mediated a gender‐specific association between GAL5.1 haplotype and problem drinking. Our current results support those in animal models implicating galanin signaling in neural pathways associated with appetitive and consummatory behaviors of relevance for understanding risk for substance use and abuse. 相似文献
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Cluster Computing - The rapid deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices have led to the development of innovative information services, unavailable a few years ago. To provide these... 相似文献
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Tomas Urbina Jean-Rmi Lavillegrand Marc Garnier Arsene Mekinian Jerome Pacanowski Nathalie Mario Guillaume Dumas Geoffroy Hariri Antoine Pilon Lucie Darrivre Muriel Fartoukh Bertrand Guidet Eric Maury Judith Leblanc Yannick Chantran Olivier Fain Karine Lacombe Guillaume Voiriot Hafid Ait-Oufella 《Innate immunity》2022,28(1):3
Little is known about the immuno-inflammatory response to Tocilizumab and its association with outcome in critically-ill SARS-CoV2 pneumonia. In this multicenter retrospective cohort of SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted to three intensive care units between March and April 2020, we matched on gender and SAPS II 21 Tocilizumab-treated patients to 42 non-treated patients. Need for mechanical ventilation was 76% versus 79%. IL-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen had been collected within the first days of admission (T1), 3 d (T2) and 7 d (T3) later. Tocilizumab-treated patients had persistently higher IL-6 plasma levels and persistently lower C-Reactive protein and fibrinogen levels. Among Tocilizumab-treated patients, baseline levels of inflammatory biomarkers were not different according to outcome. Conversely, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen decrease was delayed in non-survivors. C-Reactive protein decreased at T1 in survivors (45 [30–98] vs 170 [69–204] mg/l, P < 0.001) but only at T2 in non-survivors (37 [13–74] vs 277 [235–288], P = 0.03). Fibrinogen decreased at T2 in survivors (4.11 [3.58–4.69] vs 614 [5.61–7.85] g/l, P = 0.005) but not in non-survivors (4.79 [4.12–7.58] vs 7.24 [6.22–9.24] g/l, P = 0.125). Tocilizumab treatment was thus associated with a persistent both increase in plasma IL-6, and decrease in C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Among Tocilizumab-treated patients, the decrease in inflammatory biomarkers was delayed in non-survivors. 相似文献
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Le Gouis J Devaux P Werner K Hariri D Bahrman N Béghin D Ordon F 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2004,108(8):1521-1525
Breeding for resistant cultivars is the only way to prevent high yield loss in barley caused by the soil-borne barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) complex. We have characterized the BaMMV resistance of barley cv. Chikurin Ibaraki 1. Doubled haploid lines were obtained from the F1 between the susceptible six-rowed winter barley cultivar, Plaisant, and Chikurin Ibaraki 1. Each line was tested for reaction to BaMMV by mechanical inoculation followed by DAS-ELISA. Of 44 microsatellites that covered the genome, 22 polymorphic markers were tested on one susceptible and one resistant bulk, each comprising 30 lines. Differential markers and additional microsatellite markers in the same region were then tested on the whole population. A bootstrap analysis was used to compute confidence intervals of distances and to test the orders of the resistance gene and the closest markers. A segregation of 84 resistant/98 susceptible lines fitted a 1:1 ratio (2=1.08, P=0.30), which corresponds to a single gene in this DH lines population. The resistance gene was flanked by two markers near the centromeric region of chromosome 6HS—Bmag0173, at 0.6±1.2 cM, and EBmac0874, at 5.8 ± 3.4 cM. We propose to name this new resistance gene rym15. This resistance gene and associated markers will increase the possibilities to breed efficiently for new cultivars resistant to the barley mosaic disease.Communicated by P. Langridge 相似文献
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NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons (it is supposed that this enzyme is a form of NO-synthase, NOS) were histochemically identified
in the spinal cord of rats. In another set of the experiments, we identified neurons -sources of spinothalamic and spinomesencephalic
pathways - by their retrograde labelling with Fluoro-Gold (FG) injected into the thalamus and periaqueductal gray substance.
It was shown that NOS-containing spinal cells are, as a rule, propriospinal intersegmental or intrasegmental interneurons.
We discuss the possible involvement of these cells in the “inhibition-of-inhibition” processes and in potentiation of the
synaptic transmission in spinal neurons under conditions of the development of tonic or chronic pain. In rats, the number
of NOS-containing neurons, which are also retrogradely labelled with FG after dye injection into the thalamus and midbrain,
Is rather limited. 相似文献
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Haluk Topcuoglu Salim Hariri Dongmin Kim Yoonhee Kim Xue Bing Baoqing Ye Ilkyeun Ra Jon Valente 《Cluster computing》1998,1(1):81-93
Current advances in high-speed networks such as ATM and fiber-optics, and software technologies such as the JAVA programming
language and WWW tools, have made network-based computing a cost-effective, high-performance distributed computing environment.
Metacomputing, a special subset of network-based computing, is a well-integrated execution environment derived by combining
diverse and distributed resources such as MPPs, workstations, mass storage, and databases that show a heterogeneous nature
in terms of hardware, software, and organization. In this paper we present the Virtual Distributed Computing Environment (VDCE),
a metacomputing environment currently being developed at Syracuse University. VDCE provides an efficient web-based approach
for developing, evaluating, and visualizing large-scale distributed applications that are based on predefined task libraries
on diverse platforms. The VDCE task libraries relieve end-users of tedious task implementations and also support reusability.
The VDCE software architecture is described in terms of three modules: (a) the Application Editor, a user-friendly application
development environment that generates the Application Flow Graph (AFG) of an application; (b) the Application Scheduler,
which provides an efficient task-to-resource mapping of AFG; and (c) the VDCE Runtime System, which is responsible for running
and managing application execution and for monitoring the VDCE resources. We present experimental results of an application
execution on the VDCE prototype for evaluating the performance of different machine and network configurations. We also show
how the VDCE can be used as a problem-solving environment on which large-scale, network-centric applications can be developed
by a novice programmer rather than by an expert in low-level details of parallel programming languages.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Leah Wetherill Dongbing Lai Emma C. Johnson Andrey Anokhin Lance Bauer Kathleen K. Bucholz Danielle M. Dick Ahmad R. Hariri Victor Hesselbrock Chella Kamarajan John Kramer Samuel Kuperman Jacquelyn L. Meyers John I. Nurnberger Jr Marc Schuckit Denise M. Scott Robert E. Taylor Jay Tischfield Bernice Porjesz Alison M. Goate Howard J. Edenberg Tatiana Foroud Ryan Bogdan Arpana Agrawal 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2019,18(6)
Genetic influences on alcohol and drug dependence partially overlap, however, specific loci underlying this overlap remain unclear. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of a phenotype representing alcohol or illicit drug dependence (ANYDEP) among 7291 European‐Americans (EA; 2927 cases) and 3132 African‐Americans (AA: 1315 cases) participating in the family‐based Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. ANYDEP was heritable (h 2 in EA = 0.60, AA = 0.37). The AA GWAS identified three regions with genome‐wide significant (GWS; P < 5E‐08) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 3 (rs34066662, rs58801820) and 13 (rs75168521, rs78886294), and an insertion‐deletion on chromosome 5 (chr5:141988181). No polymorphisms reached GWS in the EA. One GWS region (chromosome 1: rs1890881) emerged from a trans‐ancestral meta‐analysis (EA + AA) of ANYDEP, and was attributable to alcohol dependence in both samples. Four genes (AA: CRKL, DZIP3, SBK3; EA: P2RX6) and four sets of genes were significantly enriched within biological pathways for hemostasis and signal transduction. GWS signals did not replicate in two independent samples but there was weak evidence for association between rs1890881 and alcohol intake in the UK Biobank. Among 118 AA and 481 EA individuals from the Duke Neurogenetics Study, rs75168521 and rs1890881 genotypes were associated with variability in reward‐related ventral striatum activation. This study identified novel loci for substance dependence and provides preliminary evidence that these variants are also associated with individual differences in neural reward reactivity. Gene discovery efforts in non‐European samples with distinct patterns of substance use may lead to the identification of novel ancestry‐specific genetic markers of risk. 相似文献
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