不同盐浓度对红萍生长及若干生理指标的影响

低盐浓度（０．２％ＮａＣｌ）对红萍生长有促进作用,处理组形态比对照厚而大朵,根系较长,且健壮,含水量与对照相似,但高浓度使萍体含水量明显减少。萍体ＮａＣｌ积累量随着培养液中盐浓度的增加而增加。生产指标测定表明,在低盐浓度下生长的红萍,叶绿素含量、固氮酶活性和全氮含量明显增加,可溶性糖含量则最低。低盐浓度促进红萍生长的原因可以归结为光合作用和固氮能力提高的结果。     

湖羊瘤胃微生物GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因IDSGLUC9-25的表达与功能表征

【目的】葡聚糖酶是饲用添加剂的重要成分,本研究旨在从湖羊消化道微生物中挖掘性质优良的GH9家族葡聚糖酶基因,用于研发新型饲用酶制剂。【方法】从湖羊瘤胃微生物cDNA中扩增IDSGLUC9-25基因,在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达,对重组蛋白进行诱导表达和纯化,研究重组蛋白的酶学性质和底物水解模式。【结果】IDSGLUC9-25基因编码527个氨基酸,包含一个CelD_N结构和一个GH9家族催化结构域;重组蛋白rIDSGLUC9-25分子量约为62.7 kDa,最适反应温度和pH分别为40℃和6.0,在30-50℃下活性较高,在pH 4.0-8.0范围内能够保持较高的稳定性,经pH 4.0-8.0缓冲液处理1 h后残余活性均大于90%;底物谱分析表明,rIDSGLUC9-25能催化大麦β-葡聚糖、苔藓地衣多糖、魔芋胶和木葡聚糖,比活性分别为(443.55±24.48)、(65.56±5.98)、(122.37±2.85)和(159.16±7.73) U/mg;利用薄层色谱法(thin layer chromatography, TLC)和高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)分析水解产物发现,rIDSGLUC9-25降解大麦葡聚糖主要生成纤维三糖(占总还原糖64.19%±1.19%)和纤维四糖(占总还原糖26.24%±0.12%),催化地衣多糖主要生成纤维三糖(占总还原糖78.46%±0.89%)。【结论】本研究报道了一种来自密螺旋体属细菌的内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶IDSGLUC9-25 (EC 3.2.1.4),能高效催化多糖底物生成纤维三糖和纤维四糖,为研发饲用酶制剂和制备低聚寡糖建立基础。     

博莱霉素-Ce(Ⅲ)对DNA的切断机理初探

根据外切核酸酶Ⅲ酶解博莱霉素-Ce(Ⅲ)［BLMA5-Ce(Ⅲ)］作用过的双链直线型DNA时, 酶解速率明显增大, 酶解产物除5′-dAMP、5′-dGMP、5′-dCMP和5′-dTMP 4种单核苷酸外, 还有其他成分存在的实验事实, 推测出BLMA5-Ce(Ⅲ)在DNA双链的特定部位沿5′→3′的方向切断磷酸二酯键, 使DNA的双链上形成多个暴露的3′-OH末端.     

The External Validity of Randomized Controlled Trials of Hypertension within China: from the Perspective of Sample Representation

Objective

To explore external validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of hypertension within China from the view of sample representation.

Methods

Comprehensive literature searches were performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCTR) et al and advanced search strategies were used to locate hypertension RCTs as well as observational studies conducted in China during 1996 to 2009 synchronously. The risk of bias in RCTs and observational studies was assessed by two modified scales respectively, and then both types of studies with 3 or more grading scores were included for the purpose of evaluating of external validity. Following that the study characteristics relative to sample representation were extracted from RCTs and observational studies synchronously, and the later were taken as external references for validating sample representation of RCTs.

Results

226 hypertension RCTs and 21 observational studies were included for final analysis. Comparing samples with observational studies, the mean age of samples within RCTs was 54.46 years, significantly lower than that of observational studies (66.35 years) (P=0.002). The average disease course in patients of RCTs was 3.89 years and grade III hypertensive patients accounted for 17%; both were lower than that of the observational studies (12.96 years, P<0.001; 34%, P=0.026 respectively). In addition, the proportions of patients with complications due to heart failure, stroke, diabetes, or coronary heart disease in RCTs were 8%, 5%, 12% and 11% correspondingly, all of which were significantly less than that of observational studies (11%, 18%, 17% and 29%).

Conclusion

Sample characteristics within hypertension RCTs were significantly different from those in observational studies. The samples in most RCTs were under-represented. It’s feasible to take samples of observational studies as a mirror of the actual composition of hypertension patients in the real world, if the reporting of observational studies is abundant and available.     

Retracted: KDM6B promotes ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion by induced transforming growth factor-β1 expression

KDM6B, also known as JMJD3, is a member of the family of histone lysine demethylase (KDMs), which is closely related to many types of cancers. However, its role and the underlying mechanisms in ovarian cancer remain unknown. Here we show that KDM6B is elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer and its expression level is closely related with metastasis and invasion. In addition, survival analysis showed that high expression of KDM6B was associated with low overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Overexpression of KDM6B in epithelial ovarian cancer cells promoted proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion in vitro, and enhanced metastatic capacities in vivo. On the contrary, silencing KDM6B in invasive and metastatic ovarian cancer cells inhibited these processes. Mechanistically, we found that KDM6B exerts its function by modulating the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression, and TGF-β1 signal pathway inhibitor LY2157299 significantly inhibited KDM6B-induced proliferation, migration, metastasis, and EMT in ovarian cancer cells. Our findings, for the first time, reveal the pivotal role of KDM6B in the invasion and metastatic behavior of epithelial ovarian cancer. Thus, targeting KDM6B may be a useful strategy to interfere with these behaviors of epithelial ovarian cancer.     

气候变化对我国红松林地理分布影响的研究

在红松林地理分布规律研究的基础上,应用地理信息系统ＩＤＲＩＳＩ和专门计算机软件——生态信息系统ＧＲＥＥＮ,找出适宜红松林分布的地理气候参数区间,并以此确定了红松林适宜分布区,在此基础上,根据全球气候预测模型ＧＣＭｓ预测的２０３０年的气候变化结果,就气候变化对我国红松林地理分布的可能影响进行了预测。结果表明：到２０３０年,因气候变化的影响,我国适宜红松分布的面积将有所增加,但增加幅度不大,仅占当前气候条件下适宜红松分布面积的３．４％,局部地区变化的情况是：在黑龙江省的西北部适宜红松分布的面积将有所增加;在辽宁省的西南部适宜红松分布的面积将有所减少。红松林现实分布区的南界将向北移动０．１～０．６个纬度,北界将向北扩展０．３～０．５个纬度,黑龙江省境内的红松林分布区的西界将向西扩展０．１～０．５个经度。我国适宜红松分布的面积将由当前气候条件下的２．９×１０７ｈｍ２,增加到３．０×１０７ｈｍ２。就当前气候变化影响预测中存在的问题及未来研究的方向进行了讨论。     

Profiles of photosynthetic glycerolipids in three strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Skeletonema</Emphasis> determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

An exhaustive qualitative and quantitative profiling of the photosynthetic glycerolipids in three strains of the marine diatom Skeletonema sp. was carried out by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry. In the diatom thylakoid membrane, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) account for about 45–70% and 5–15% of the total membrane lipids, respectively. The anionic sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) as well as the likewise anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG) contribute between 10–40% and 4–10% each. The predominant species of MGDG were those with C_16:3/C_16:3, C_20:5/_16:1, and C_20:5/C_16:3. Three main molecular species of DGDG contained C_20:5/C_16:1, C_20:5/C_16:2, and C_16:1/C_16:1. The major molecular species of SQDG were those containing combinations of C_14:0/C_14:0, C_14:0/C_16:0, C_14:0/C_16:1, and C_14:0/C_16:3. All the PG classes contained the C_18:1/C_18:1 as the main molecular species. Based on the fatty acid species in sn-2 position, it is indicated that MGDG and DGDG are biosynthesized through prokaryotic pathway exclusively within the chloroplast, whereas PG and SQDG have a typical mixed biosynthetic pathway (both prokaryotic pathway and eukaryotic pathways). The chemical characteristics of photosynthetic glycerolipids related with ecological physiology are discussed.     

The mitochondrial genome of Baylisascaris procyonis

Background

Baylisascaris procyonis (Nematoda: Ascaridida), an intestinal nematode of raccoons, is emerging as an important helminthic zoonosis due to serious or fatal larval migrans in animals and humans. Despite its significant veterinary and public health impact, the epidemiology, molecular ecology and population genetics of this parasite remain largely unexplored. Mitochondrial (mt) genomes can provide a foundation for investigations in these areas and assist in the diagnosis and control of B. procyonis. In this study, the first complete mt genome sequence of B. procyonis was determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based primer-walking strategy.

Methodology/Principal Findings

The circular mt genome (14781 bp) of B. procyonis contained 12 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNA and 2 ribosomal RNA genes congruent with other chromadorean nematodes. Interestingly, the B. procyonis mtDNA featured an extremely long AT-rich region (1375 bp) and a high number of intergenic spacers (17), making it unique compared with other secernentean nematodes characterized to date. Additionally, the entire genome displayed notable levels of AT skew and GC skew. Based on pairwise comparisons and sliding window analysis of mt genes among the available 11 Ascaridida mtDNAs, new primer pairs were designed to amplify specific short fragments of the genes cytb (548 bp fragment) and rrnL (200 bp fragment) in the B. procyonis mtDNA, and tested as possible alternatives to existing mt molecular beacons for Ascaridida. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of mtDNAs provided novel estimates of the interrelationships of Baylisasaris and Ascaridida.

Conclusions/Significance

The complete mt genome sequence of B. procyonis sequenced here should contribute to molecular diagnostic methods, epidemiological investigations and ecological studies of B. procyonis and other related ascaridoids. The information will be important in refining the phylogenetic relationships within the order Ascaridida and enriching the resource of markers for systematic, population genetic and evolutionary biological studies of parasitic nematodes of socio-economic importance.