全文获取类型
收费全文 | 47894篇 |
免费 | 3167篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
51076篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 276篇 |
2022年 | 670篇 |
2021年 | 1158篇 |
2020年 | 675篇 |
2019年 | 873篇 |
2018年 | 1215篇 |
2017年 | 1044篇 |
2016年 | 1684篇 |
2015年 | 2466篇 |
2014年 | 2689篇 |
2013年 | 3582篇 |
2012年 | 4212篇 |
2011年 | 3990篇 |
2010年 | 2415篇 |
2009年 | 2149篇 |
2008年 | 2967篇 |
2007年 | 2861篇 |
2006年 | 2517篇 |
2005年 | 2287篇 |
2004年 | 2121篇 |
2003年 | 2005篇 |
2002年 | 1823篇 |
2001年 | 443篇 |
2000年 | 324篇 |
1999年 | 401篇 |
1998年 | 456篇 |
1997年 | 318篇 |
1996年 | 301篇 |
1995年 | 275篇 |
1994年 | 263篇 |
1993年 | 254篇 |
1992年 | 194篇 |
1991年 | 187篇 |
1990年 | 187篇 |
1989年 | 158篇 |
1988年 | 131篇 |
1987年 | 109篇 |
1986年 | 93篇 |
1985年 | 107篇 |
1984年 | 129篇 |
1983年 | 84篇 |
1982年 | 95篇 |
1981年 | 97篇 |
1980年 | 94篇 |
1979年 | 88篇 |
1978年 | 53篇 |
1977年 | 62篇 |
1976年 | 45篇 |
1975年 | 46篇 |
1973年 | 51篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Gian Maria Rossolini Patrizia Muscas Alessandra Chiesurin Giuseppe Satta 《FEMS microbiology letters》1994,119(3):321-328
Abstract Analysis of the Salmonella chromosomal region located upstream of the fimA gene (coding for the major type 1 fimbrial subunit) showed a close linkage of this gene to the folD gene (coding for the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/5, 10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase), indicating that the fim gene cluster of Salmonella , unlike that of Escherichia coli , has no regulatory genes located upstream of fimA and apparently terminates with this gene. The respective locations of the fim and folD genes in the E. coli and Salmonella genetic maps suggests that the fimA-folD intergenic region of Salmonella encompasses a junctional site of a genetic rearrangement that probably originated from the different chromosomal location of the fim genes in these species. 相似文献
2.
Sacramento Doralice Rodrigues Coelho Rosalie Reed Rodrigues Wigg Márcia Dutra Toledo Luna Linhares Luiz Fernando de Matos dos Santos Marta Gonçalves Azevedo Soares Semêdo Luzia Teixeira de Ribeiro da Silva Antonio Jorge 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2004,20(3):225-229
A promising producer of bioactive compounds isolated from a Brazilian tropical soil was tested for its range of antimicrobial
activities. Strain 606, classified as Streptomyces sp., could not be identified up to species level, suggesting a possible new taxon. The supernatant and 10 extracts and fractions,
obtained by extraction and chromatographic techniques, presented antimicrobial activity using antibiograms. The methanolic
fraction was highly active against pathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic fungi and the human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. It also possessed high antiviral activity inhibiting the propagation of an acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type
1 strain on HEp-2 cells at non-cytotoxic concentration. The strong cytotoxic effect suggests an antitumour action.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Emma Bricchi Marco Fornaciari Claudia Giannoni Francesca Greco Daniela Fascini Giuseppe Frenguelli Gianfranco Mincigrucci Bruno Romano 《Aerobiologia》1992,8(3):401-406
Summary Gramineae pollination from a pollen monitoring station located in the eastern suburb of Perugia and meteorological correlations are reported. The data refers to the year 1989. Grass pollen peak pollination was from May to July; in this period the influence of relative humidity and of temperature on pollen concentration was very high. Phenological observations, to identify the time of maximum stamen extension in the most common genera in the area, are also reported. During the period of investigation the counts of pollen grains over four-hour periods showed a regular diurnal rhythm with peaks of concentration in the four-hour period 16.00–20.00. Aerosporological data and meteorological data related to four-hour periods were correlated following different criteria. 相似文献
4.
Maria Rebelo Claudia Sousa Howard M. Shapiro Maria M. Mota Martin P. Grobusch Thomas H?nscheid 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to almost all antimalarial drugs, including the first-line treatment with artemisinins, has been described, representing an obvious threat to malaria control. In vitro antimalarial sensitivity testing is crucial to detect and monitor drug resistance. Current assays have been successfully used to detect drug effects on parasites. However, they have some limitations, such as the use of radioactive or expensive reagents or long incubation times. Here we describe a novel assay to detect antimalarial drug effects, based on flow cytometric detection of hemozoin (Hz), which is rapid and does not require any additional reagents. Hz is an optimal parasite maturation indicator since its amount increases as the parasite matures. Due to its physical property of birefringence, Hz depolarizes light, hence it can be detected using optical methods such as flow cytometry. A common flow cytometer was adapted to detect light depolarization caused by Hz. Synchronized in vitro cultures of P. falciparum were incubated for 48 hours with several antimalarial drugs. Analysis of depolarizing events, corresponding to parasitized red blood cells containing Hz, allowed the detection of parasite maturation. Moreover, chloroquine resistance and the inhibitory effect of all antimalarial drugs tested, except for pyrimethamine, could be determined as early as 18 to 24 hours of incubation. At 24 hours incubation, 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were comparable to previously reported values. These results indicate that the reagent-free, real-time Hz detection assay could become a novel assay for the detection of drug effects on Plasmodium falciparum. 相似文献
5.
6.
Hugo R. Permingeat Maria V. Romagnoli Juliana I. Sesma Ruben H. Vallejos 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》1998,16(1):89-89
An easy, reproducible and fast procedure to isolate DNA from cotton leaves is described. The addition of 0.5 M glucose in the extraction buffer avoids browning by polyphenolic compounds and improves the quality of DNA for molecular analysis. The DNA yield ranged between 150–400 mg per gram of fresh tissue. The DNA was suitable for digestion by restriction enzymes and amplificatiion by Taq DNA polymerase. 相似文献
7.
Maria V. Sergeeva Vadim V. Mozhaev Joseph O. Rich Yuri L. Khmelnitsky 《Biotechnology letters》2000,22(17):1419-1422
A novel biocatalytic reaction of transamidation of non-activated amides with amines is reported. Among 45 different lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes tested, only the lipase from Candida antarcticawas able to catalyze this reaction. The reaction proceeded with up to ca. 80% conversion in anhydrous methyl tert-butyl ether and worked with both N-substituted and unsubstituted amides. The biocatalytic transamidation is an equilibrium process and, therefore, higher conversions to the desired amide were achieved by using increased concentrations of the amine nucleophile. 相似文献
8.
W Y Mok R C Luiz?o M do S Barreto da Silva 《Applied and environmental microbiology》1982,44(3):570-575
A total of 2,886 bats captured in the Amazon Basin of Brazil were processed for the isolation of fungi. From the livers, spleens, and lungs of 155 bats (5.4%), 186 fungal isolates of the genera Candida (123 isolates), Trichosporon (26 isolates), Torulopsis (25 isolates), Kluyveromyces (11 isolates), and Geotrichum (1 isolate) were recovered. Seven known pathogenic species were present: Candida parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, C. albicans, C. stellatoidea, C. pseudotropicalis, Trichosporon beigelii, and Torulopsis glabrata. Twenty-three culture-positive bats showed identical fungal colonization in multiple organs or mixed colonization in a single organ. The fungal isolation rates for individual bat species varied from 1 fungus per 87 bats to 3 fungi per 13 bats, and the mycoflora diversity for members of an individual fungus-bearing bat species varied from 16 fungi per 40 bats to 7 fungi per 6 bats. Of the 38 fungal species isolated, 36 had not been previously described as in vivo bat isolates. Of the 27 culture-positive bat species, 21 had not been previously described as mammalian hosts for medically or nonmedically important fungi. 相似文献
9.
The existence of duodeno-gastric reflux was evaluated in a group of 15 healthy subjects, in fasting and for 24 hours. The assessment of duodeno-gastric reflux was made by quantitation of the bile acids (BA) present in the gastric juice. The individual free and conjugated BA were separated and quantified by means of thin-layer chromatography and in situ spectrofluorometry. In 7 of the subjects studied no BA were detected, and in the other 8 subjects the BA levels were below 6 mumol reflux/hour. There were no free BA detected in any of the subjects. The levels of BA in gastric juice increased progressively with age, but there were no differences between sex. The chromatographic technique used is highly sensitive for the analysis of BA in biological samples. The study of BA in the gastric juice provides a quantitative and reliable assessment of the degree of duodeno-gastric reflux. 相似文献
10.
Fiddler crabs (Uca spp., Decapoda: Ocypodidae) are commonly found forming large aggregations in intertidal zones, where they perform rhythmic waving displays with their greatly enlarged claws. While performing these displays, fiddler crabs often synchronize their behavior with neighboring males, forming the only known synchronized visual courtship displays involving reflected light and moving body parts. Despite being one of the most conspicuous aspects of fiddler crab behavior, little is known about the mechanisms underlying synchronization of male displays. In this study we develop a spatially explicit model of fiddler crab waving displays using coupled logistic map equations. We explored two alternative models in which males either direct their attention at random angles or preferentially toward neighbors. Our results indicate that synchronization is possible over a fairly large region of parameter space. Moreover, our model was capable of generating local synchronization neighborhoods, as commonly observed in fiddler crabs under natural conditions. 相似文献