首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   16438篇
  免费   553篇
  国内免费   37篇
  2023年   46篇
  2022年   192篇
  2021年   420篇
  2020年   221篇
  2019年   328篇
  2018年   536篇
  2017年   510篇
  2016年   844篇
  2015年   1145篇
  2014年   1057篇
  2013年   1649篇
  2012年   1339篇
  2011年   1136篇
  2010年   1082篇
  2009年   936篇
  2008年   956篇
  2007年   888篇
  2006年   814篇
  2005年   648篇
  2004年   401篇
  2003年   328篇
  2002年   275篇
  2001年   85篇
  2000年   209篇
  1999年   124篇
  1998年   114篇
  1997年   89篇
  1996年   63篇
  1995年   53篇
  1994年   39篇
  1993年   38篇
  1992年   50篇
  1991年   39篇
  1990年   22篇
  1989年   30篇
  1988年   15篇
  1987年   20篇
  1986年   30篇
  1985年   27篇
  1984年   24篇
  1983年   17篇
  1982年   18篇
  1981年   22篇
  1980年   21篇
  1979年   15篇
  1977年   9篇
  1976年   12篇
  1975年   9篇
  1974年   9篇
  1973年   13篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Based on its proven anabolic effects on bone in osteoporosis patients, recombinant parathyroid hormone (PTH1-34) has been evaluated as a potential therapy for skeletal repair. In animals, the effect of PTH1-34 has been investigated in various skeletal repair models such as fractures, allografting, spinal arthrodesis and distraction osteogenesis. These studies have demonstrated that intermittent PTH1-34 treatment enhances and accelerates the skeletal repair process via a number of mechanisms, which include effects on mesenchymal stem cells, angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, bone formation and resorption. Furthermore, PTH1-34 has been shown to enhance bone repair in challenged animal models of aging, inflammatory arthritis and glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. This pre-clinical success has led to off-label clinical use and a number of case reports documenting PTH1-34 treatment of delayed-unions and non-unions have been published. Although a recently completed phase 2 clinical trial of PTH1-34 treatment of patients with radius fracture has failed to achieve its primary outcome, largely because of effective healing in the placebo group, several secondary outcomes are statistically significant, highlighting important issues concerning the appropriate patient population for PTH1-34 therapy in skeletal repair. Here, we review our current knowledge of the effects of PTH1-34 therapy for bone healing, enumerate several critical unresolved issues (e.g., appropriate dosing regimen and indications) and discuss the long-term potential of this drug as an adjuvant for endogenous tissue engineering.  相似文献   
2.
Summary Gramineae pollination from a pollen monitoring station located in the eastern suburb of Perugia and meteorological correlations are reported. The data refers to the year 1989. Grass pollen peak pollination was from May to July; in this period the influence of relative humidity and of temperature on pollen concentration was very high. Phenological observations, to identify the time of maximum stamen extension in the most common genera in the area, are also reported. During the period of investigation the counts of pollen grains over four-hour periods showed a regular diurnal rhythm with peaks of concentration in the four-hour period 16.00–20.00. Aerosporological data and meteorological data related to four-hour periods were correlated following different criteria.  相似文献   
3.
The operating and storage stability of a receptor element of an amperometric biosensor based on thePseudomonas rathonis strain T capable of degrading surfactants was tested. Microbial cells were immobilized by incorporation in gels (agar, agarose, and calcium-alginate), polyvinyl alcohol membrane, adhesion to Chromatographic paper GF/A, or by cross-linking induced by glutaric aldehyde. Incorporation of microbial cells in agar gel provides long-standing conservation of their activity and viability during measurements of high concentrations of surfactants and allows the receptor element of the biosensor to be rapidly recovered after measurements.  相似文献   
4.
Distribution of matter in the discharge channel formed upon a nanosecond electrical explosion of a single wire in air and vacuum was studied experimentally. Simultaneous use of optical, UV, and X-ray diagnostics made it possible to distinguish qualitatively different regions of the discharge channel, such as the current-carrying layers and the region occupied by a weakly conducting cold plasma. Several series of experiments with 25-μm-diameter 12-mm-long wires made of different materials were performed. The charging voltage and the current amplitude were varied in the ranges of U 0 = 10–20 kV and I max ∼ 5–10 kA, respectively. Explosion regimes with a current pause and with and without current interruption, as well as with wire preheating in air and vacuum, were studied. Shadow and schlieren images of the discharge channel were obtained using optical probing at the second harmonic of a YAG: Nd+3 laser (λ = 0.532 μm, τ ∼ 10 ns). In the experiments carried out in vacuum, X-ray images of the discharge channel were also obtained using an X-pinch as a point source of probing radiation and UV images were recorded using a four-frame MCP camera.  相似文献   
5.
With the use of a patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration, we studied the effects of pinacidil and its fluorine derivatives on A-type potassium current (I A) through the membrane of pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus. Hydrogen peroxide (10 mM) exerted no influence on the rate of inactivation ofI A; therefore, this current is probably mediated by Shal Kv4.2 potassium channels. Pinacidil demonstrated the properties of a weakI A blocker: in the 500 μM concentration it blocked about 45% of the current, while 50 μM of pinacidil fluorine derivatives were capable of blocking up to 30% ofI A. The effects of pinacidil and its derivatives showed no dependence on the stimulating potential. A similar pattern of the effects of pinacidil fluorine derivatives, which are an order of magnitude stronger than those of pinacidil itself, allows us to suppose that the imine nitrogen of the tested compounds is significantly more involved in the molecular interaction with the site of an A-type potassium channel than the pyridine nitrogen.  相似文献   
6.
7.
8.
Previously mutations in a putative protein O -mannosyltransferase (SCO3154, Pmt) and a polyprenol phosphate mannose synthase (SCO1423, Ppm1) were found to cause resistance to phage, φC31, in the antibiotic producing bacteria Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). It was proposed that these two enzymes were part of a protein O-glycosylation pathway that was necessary for synthesis of the phage receptor. Here we provide the evidence that Pmt and Ppm1 are indeed both required for protein O-glycosylation. The phosphate binding protein PstS was found to be glycosylated with a trihexose in the S. coelicolor parent strain, J1929, but not in the pmt derivative, DT1025. Ppm1 was necessary for the transfer of mannose to endogenous polyprenol phosphate in membrane preparations of S. coelicolor . A mutation in ppm1 that conferred an E218V substitution in Ppm1 abolished mannose transfer and glycosylation of PstS. Mass spectrometry analysis of extracted lipids showed the presence of a glycosylated polyprenol phosphate (PP) containing nine repeated isoprenyl units (C45-PP). S. coelicolor membranes were also able to catalyse the transfer of mannose to peptides derived from PstS, indicating that these could be targets for Pmt in vivo .  相似文献   
9.
Fiddler crabs (Uca spp., Decapoda: Ocypodidae) are commonly found forming large aggregations in intertidal zones, where they perform rhythmic waving displays with their greatly enlarged claws. While performing these displays, fiddler crabs often synchronize their behavior with neighboring males, forming the only known synchronized visual courtship displays involving reflected light and moving body parts. Despite being one of the most conspicuous aspects of fiddler crab behavior, little is known about the mechanisms underlying synchronization of male displays. In this study we develop a spatially explicit model of fiddler crab waving displays using coupled logistic map equations. We explored two alternative models in which males either direct their attention at random angles or preferentially toward neighbors. Our results indicate that synchronization is possible over a fairly large region of parameter space. Moreover, our model was capable of generating local synchronization neighborhoods, as commonly observed in fiddler crabs under natural conditions.  相似文献   
10.
The effect of gold nanoparticles on mouse epididymal sperm has been studied using the model system of nuclear chromatin decondensation in vitro. It is shown that the treatment of gametes, preliminary membrane-freed by sodium dodecyl sulfate, in the mediums containing gold nanoparticles (with diameter ∼2.5 nm) in concentrations 1.0 × 1015 or 0.5 × 1015 particles/ml and following incubation in dithiothreitol solution (DTT) resulted in failure of chromatin decondensation process and nucleus structure. We conclude that gold nanoparticles possess spermatotoxicity. The mechanism of cytotoxic effect of gold nanoparticles may be related with their interaction with molecules of double-helix DNA. The model system studied in this research is applicable for further investigations of cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles of different origin and made of different metals.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号