以高绩效为目标的校园景观设计方法与实践——同济大学嘉定体育中心景观设计研究

结合景观绩效的评价与设计方法目前正被不断地探索。梳理介绍了景观绩效的相关概念以及现有量化评价实践,探讨了从景观绩效角度出发指导设计实践的途径,以同济大学嘉定体育中心景观设计为例,分析基于景观绩效理论的校园景观设计实践方法,以期为未来的校园景观建设实践提供新思路。     

An optimized rapid bisulfite conversion method with high recovery of cell-free DNA

Background

Methylation analysis of cell-free DNA is a encouraging tool for tumor diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis. Sensitivity of methylation analysis is a very important matter due to the tiny amounts of cell-free DNA available in plasma. Most current methods of DNA methylation analysis are based on the difference of bisulfite-mediated deamination of cytosine between cytosine and 5-methylcytosine. However, the recovery of bisulfite-converted DNA based on current methods is very poor for the methylation analysis of cell-free DNA.

Results

We optimized a rapid method for the crucial steps of bisulfite conversion with high recovery of cell-free DNA. A rapid deamination step and alkaline desulfonation was combined with the purification of DNA on a silica column. The conversion efficiency and recovery of bisulfite-treated DNA was investigated by the droplet digital PCR. The optimization of the reaction results in complete cytosine conversion in 30 min at 70 °C and about 65% of recovery of bisulfite-treated cell-free DNA, which is higher than current methods.

Conclusions

The method allows high recovery from low levels of bisulfite-treated cell-free DNA, enhancing the analysis sensitivity of methylation detection from cell-free DNA.

     

基于公众参与地理信息系统的城市近代公园文化服务评估研究——以上海复兴公园为例

为了建立上海近代公园文化服务指标体系 , 探究上海近代公园文化服务价值与空间分布规律,根据“千年生态系统评估报告”（MA）,采用 SPICED 指标框架建立针对上海近代公园的文化服务评估指标体系;通过自主开发的公众参与地理信息系统（PPGIS） APP 收集、分析公众对文化服务的评估意见,对复兴公园不同文化服务类型、文化服务和使用者、文化服务和公园景点空间分别进行相关性分析。研究发现,复兴公园作为近代公园,其文化服务主要体现为休闲游憩,历史遗产价值公众认知度不高;文化服务的空间分布具有差异性,公园景点空间类型与文化服务存在相关性;某些文化服务之间存在正、负两面的相关性;最后提出对近代公园更新发展策略的思考。研究基于 PPGIS 技术提高了上海近代公园保护工作的公众参与度,将文化服务评估应用于空间规划具有新意。     

Fabrication of Stable Packed Capillary Reversed-Phase Columns for Protein Structural Analysis

Capillary column (320-m ID) liquid chromatography is an essential tool for the separation and concentration of low-picomole amounts of proteins and peptides for mass-spectrometric based structural analysis. We describe a detailed procedure for the fabrication of stable and efficient 50- to 180-m ID polyimide fused-silica columns. Columns were packed by conventional slurry packing with reversed-phase silica-based supports followed by column bed consolidation with acetonitrile and sonication. PVDF membrane or internal fused-silica particles were employed for column end-frit construction. The ability of these columns to withstand high back pressures (300–400 bar) enabled their use for rapid chromatography (>3400 cm/hr; i.e., 40 l/min for 200-m ID columns) and the loading of large sample volumes (up to 500 l). The accurate low flow rates (0.4–4.0 l/min) and precise gradient formation necessary to operate these columns were achieved by a simple modification of conventional HPLC systems [Moritz et al. (1992), J. Chromatogr. 599, 119–130]. Column performance was evaluated for ability to resolve low-fmol amounts of all components of a mixture of PTH-amino acids and to separate peptides for on-line LC/MS analysis of peptide mixtures derived from in situ digestion of 2-DE resolved protein spots.     

The impact of National Death Index linkages on population-based cancer survival rates in the United States

Background: In order to ensure accurate survival estimates, population-based cancer registries must ascertain all, or nearly all, patients diagnosed with cancer in their catchment area, and obtain complete follow-up information on all deaths that occurred among registered cancer patients. In the US, linkage with state death records may not be sufficient to ascertain all deaths. Since 1979, all state vital statistics offices have reported their death certificate information to the National Death Index (NDI). Objective: This study was designed to measure the impact of linkage with the NDI on population-based relative and cancer cause-specific survival rates in the US. Methods: Central cancer registry records for patients diagnosed 1993–1995 from California, Colorado, and Idaho were linked with death certificate information (deaths 1993–2004) from their individual state vital statistics offices and with the NDI. Two databases were created: one contained incident records with deceased patients linked only to state death records and the second database contained incident records with deceased patients linked to both state death records and the NDI. Survival estimates and 95% confidence intervals from each database were compared by state and primary site category. Results: At 60 months follow-up, 42.1–48.1% of incident records linked with state death records and an additional 0.7–3.4% of records linked with the NDI. Survival point estimates from the analysis without NDI were not contained within the corresponding 95% CIs from the NDI augmented analysis for all sites combined and colorectal, pancreas, lung and bronchus, breast, prostate, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Kaposi sarcoma cases in all 3 states using relative survival methods. Additional combinations of state and primary site had significant survival estimate differences, which differed by method (relative versus cause-specific survival). Conclusion: To ensure accurate population-based cancer survival rates, linkage with the National Death Index to ascertain out of state and late registered deaths is a necessary process for US central cancer registries.     

Mutation analysis of 28 autosomal short tandem repeats in the Chinese Han population

Short tandem repeats (STRs) have been extensively used in forensic genetics. However, according to previous studies, the mutation rates of STRs are relatively high and are affected by many factors. Therefore, it is important to analyze STR mutations and determine the influence of underlying factors on STR mutation rates. Mutation rates of 28 autosomal STRs were determined from 8708 paternity testing cases in the Chinese Han population, and the relationships between STR mutation rates and population, sex, age, allele length and heterozygosity were investigated. A total of 279 mutations were observed at 27 loci in a total of 233,530 meiosis cases, including 273 (97.8%) one-step, 5 (1.8%) two-step and 1 (0.4%) three-step mutations. The overall average mutation rate was 1.19?×?10^–3 (95% CI 1.06?×?10^–3???1.34?×?10^–3) ranging from 0 (TPOX) to 2.79?×?10^–3 (D13S325). Mutation rate comparisons revealed statistically significant differences at several STRs among populations. Paternal mutations occurred more frequently than maternal mutations, at a ratio of 6.04:1, and the mutation rate tended to increase with paternal age. Moreover, our study revealed a bias towards contraction mutations for long alleles and expansion mutations for short alleles. No obvious bias was observed in the overall mutation direction. In addition, STR loci with higher expected heterozygosity (H_exp) tended to have higher mutation rates. This work revealed the relationships between STR mutation rates and several influencing factors, providing useful data and information for further research on STR mutations in forensic genetics.

     

Impact of using multiple causes of death codes to compute site-specific, death certificate-based cancer mortality statistics in the United States

Background: Cancer mortality statistics, an important indicator for monitoring cancer burden, are traditionally restricted to instances when cancer is determined to be the underlying cause of death (UCD) based on information recorded on standard certificates of death. This study's objective was to determine the impact of using multiple causes of death codes to compute site-specific cancer mortality statistics. Methods: The state cancer registries of California, Colorado and Idaho provided linked cancer registry and death certificate data for individuals who died between 2002 and 2004, had at least one cancer listed on their death certificate and were diagnosed with cancer between 1993 and 2004. These linked data were used to calculate the site-specific proportion of cancers not selected as the UCD (non-UCD) among all cancer-related deaths (any mention on the death certificate). In addition, the retrospective concordance between the death certificate and the population-based cancer registry, measured as confirmations rates, was calculated for deaths with cancer as the UCD, as a non-UCD, and for any mention. Results: Overall, non-UCD deaths comprised 9.5 percent of total deaths; 11 of the 79 cancer sites had proportions greater than 3 standard deviations from 9.5 percent. The confirmation rates for UCD and for any mention did not differ significantly for any of the cancer sites. Conclusion and impact: The site-specific variation in proportions and rates suggests that for a few cancer sites, death rates might be computed for both UCD and any mention of the cancer site on the death certificate. Nevertheless, this study provides evidence that, in general, restricting to UCD deaths will not under report cancer mortality statistics.     

干细胞移植患者口腔粘膜上皮细胞基因型观察

目的观察异基因外周血干细胞移植患者口腔上皮细胞基因型的变化,判断干细胞生长情况。方法采用PCR-STR分型技术对31例外周血干细胞移植患者血液、口腔拭子及部分患者毛根进行基因分型。结果31例患者移植后血液均为供体基因型;25例患者口腔上皮细胞基因型为受体与供体嵌合体型,4例为受体原有基因型,2例转为供体基因型;11例检测了毛根基因型,均为受体的原有基因型。结论移植后外周血干细胞可以转变为口腔粘膜上皮细胞,这种转变有望成为判断患者干细胞生长情况及移植后治疗效果的一项新指标。这对干细胞治疗各种血液恶性疾病及法医学应用具有较高的参考价值。