植物组织培养的次生代谢产物 Ⅰ.色素(花青素Anthocyanin)

一、诱导愈伤组织产生花青素可采用通常的诱发愈伤组织的条件,来诱导产生花青素的愈伤组织。表1列举了诱导产生花青素愈伤组织的实例。基本培养基是White、MS或LS培养基,生长素用2,4-D或NAA。添加激动素与天然抽出物(如酵母浸膏等)也很有效。培养温度为20—30℃。光照可促进花青素的合成,特别是青色光或近紫外光的效果更为显著。     

吉林省前爪螨属一新种(蜱螨目:前爪螨科)

1959年冬季在吉林省东部长白山区,采到前爪螨属 Prodinychus一新种。该属种类较少,我国为首次记载。今将新种描述如下。 长白前爪螨,新种 Prodinychus changbaiensis sp. nov. 鉴别特征 本新种♂接近于 Prodinychus cicatricosus Franke,1941,但本新种生殖孔圆形,其两侧无纵行线,腹面后部亦无斜线;腹面后部有1对刚毛大于其它毛,肛侧毛在肛孔前缘水平线之前。而P.cicatricosus,生殖孔卵圆形,其两侧有纵行线,腹面后部有斜线;     

山西省异爪蝗属二新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

本文记述在晋南地区采到的异爪蝗属二新种,黑条异爪蝗Euchorthippus nigiliineatus sp.nov.及曲线异爪蝗Eochorthippus sinucarinatus sp.nov.     

Culture of one- and two-cell bovine embryos to the blastocyst stage in the ovine oviduct

The ovine oviduct was evaluated as a culture system for early bovine embryos. One- to two-cell embryos were collected from superovulated heifers killed 36 or 48 h after the onset of estrus, embedded in agar cylinders, and transferred to oviducts ligated at the uterotubal junction. After 5 d (6.5 to 7.0 d after donor estrus), embryos were recovered and evaluated for development to the late morula or blastocyst stage. In Experiment 1, 86 embryos were cultured in 10 ewes in which the onset of estrus was synchronized with that of the donors. Fifty-eight embryos (68%) were recovered; of these, 31 (53%) had continued normal development. In Experiment 2, development in ovariectomized versus intact cyclic ewes was compared. Recovery from ovariectomized ewes (26/39, 67%) did not differ from intact cyclic ewes (26/35, 74%) and the proportion developing normally also did not differ (ovariectomized: 7/26, 27%; intact cyclic: 11/26, 42%). In Experiment 3, embryo development was compared in anestrous versus ovariectomized ewes. Recovery rate (anestrous: 22/43, 51%; ovariectomized: 20/51, 39%) and the proportion developing normally (anestrous: 8/22, 37%; ovariectomized: 9/20, 45%) did not differ between treatments. Developmental competence of oviduct-cultured embryos was tested by transfer to 16 synchronous heifers, of which eight (50%) became pregnant; five delivered calves. Results indicate that the ovine oviduct provides an adequate site for the culture of early bovine embryos.     

Induction of Medicarpin Biosynthesis in Ladino Clover Callus by p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid Is Reversed by Dithiothreitol

Treatment of Ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) callus with 1 millimolar p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMBA) stimulated the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin medicarpin. Increased medicarpin concentration was detected at 6 hours, and maximum level was achieved by 36 hours. Dithiothreitol (DTT), added to callus at 2, 6, 10, and 18 hours following addition of PCMBA, partially counteracted the effect of PCMBA in the cells. The greatest effect on reversal of medicarpin accumulation was found at the earlier times for DTT addition. Compared to a 24-hour PCMBA control, final medicarpin concentrations were 9 to 19%, 37 to 45%, and 92 to 105% of the control value when DTT was added at 0.5, 1 or 2 hours, 3 or 4 hours, and 6, 8, 10, or 12 hours, respectively, after PCMBA addition. The results indicate that stimulation of medicarpin biosynthesis is reversible, but once activated, the pathway is not shut down by removal of elicitor.