桑树叶肉原生质体培养再生植株

近年来,木本植物原生质作诱导再生植株的研究越来越受到国内外学者关注。但在林木树种中,迄今成功的种类仍然不多,在文     

昆虫杆状病毒晚期启动子在大肠杆菌中启动CAT基因表达

将油桐尺蠖（Ｂｕｚｕｒａｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓａｒｉａ）核多角体病毒晚期基因──多角体蛋白基因启动子及５′端编码区,以两种不同方式置于缺乏启动子的氯霉素乙酰基转移酶（ＣＡＴ）基因上游,使其分别终止在不同翻译终止位点,其宿主菌具有明显不同的氯霉素抗性,最高达２００ｍｇ／Ｌ　ＬＢ培养基以上,表明昆虫病毒启动子能启动原核基因表达。对多角体蛋白基因启动子能在大肠杆菌中有效工作的原因进行了讨论。     

黔西水城晚二叠世长兴期钙藻和有孔虫及其古环境意义

在黔西水城地区的K576井长兴组共鉴定钙藻3属3种,包括Gymnocodium bellerophontis、Permocalculus sp.和Tauridiumkurdistanensis;有孔虫8属10种,其中(虫筳)类2属2种,有孔虫动物群主要由Reichelinasp.indet.、Nankinella sp.、Pachyphloia schwageri、Pachyphloia sp.、Geinitzina sp.、Nestellorella sp. indet.、Howchinella sp.、Hemigordius aff. saranensis、Hemigordius sp.和Midiella sp. indet.组成。将本井按照生物特征分为有孔虫-钙藻-介形虫组合、有孔虫-腕足类-介形虫组合、介形虫-双壳类-腹足类组合、有孔虫-钙藻-双壳类组合、有孔虫-腕足类-介形虫组合、有孔虫-钙藻-双壳类组合和介形虫组合等7个组合。按照层序地层划分、垂向沉积序列特征和测井资料的分析,有孔虫-钙藻-介形虫组合(SQ3-3)和有孔虫-腕足类-介形虫组合(SQ3-4)时期地层为三角洲前...     

Plant regeneration from protoplasts of immature Vigna sinensis cotyledons via somatic embryogenesis

Summary Protoplasts were isolated from immature cotyledons of Vigna sinensis and cultured in a modified MS Liquid medium containing 0. 2 mg/l 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), 1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0. 5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the dark at a density of 1 × 10⁵/ml. The protoplasts began to divide in 3–5 days. Sustained cell division resulted in formation of cell clusters and small calli, with the cell division frequency and plating efficiency of cell colonies reaching 27. 7% and 1. 7% respectively. When calli of 2 mm in size were transferred onto MSB medium (MS salts and B5 vitamins) containing 500mg/l NaCl, 500 mg/ 1 casein hydrolysate (CH), 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0. 5 mg/l BAP for further growth, approximately 5% of the calli developed embryogenically. The embryogenic calli were selected and subcultured on the same composition of MSB medium and were able to maintain somatic embryogenesis capacity in subculture for a long time. When the calli were moved to MSB medium with 0. 1 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0. 5mg/l kinetin(KT), 3–5% mannitol and 2% sucrose in the light, many somatic embryos formed from the calli. Only part of the embryoids developed further to the cotyledonary stage, and the others died at the globular, heart-shaped or torpedo stages. Finally, some cotyledonary embryoids germinated and developed into plants or shoots. The shoots were readily rooted on 1/2 strength MS medium with 0. 1–0.3 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The plants grew well in soil and were fertile.Abbreviations 2, 4-D dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - NAA naphthaleneacetic acid - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - KT kinetin - IBA indole-3-butyric acid - CH casein hydrolysate - CM coconut milk - ZT zeatin     

土壤水分对黄土区苹果园土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)中水势梯度的影响

开展土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)中水势变化的联动分析对于揭示植物水分状况对环境变化的响应机制有重要意义。在黄土高原苹果园对果树生长季大气水势(Ψ_air)、木质部水势(Ψ_stem)、土壤水势(Ψ_soil)进行连续监测与分析。结果表明: 苹果树在生长季的日平均Ψ_stem为-0.57 MPa,在-0.24～-2.0 MPa间变化。苹果树SPAC连续体中水势梯度(Ψ_soilΨ_stemΨ_air)平均为1∶9.8∶1155,其中植-土界面的水势梯度(Ψ_stemΨ_soil)与土壤体积含水率(VWC)间呈极显著的线性正相关关系,Ψ_stem与Ψ_soil间呈良好的线性关系,且相关性强于Ψ_stem与Ψ_air间的相关性。当Ψ_soil<-0.08 MPa(VWC=17%,约为田间持水量的0.56倍)时,Ψ_stem对Ψ_soil变化响应的敏感性明显降低,气-植界面的水势梯度(Ψ_airΨ_stem)与Ψ_soil间由无明显关系转变为紧密的线性相关关系(R²=0.93)。Ψ_air对Ψ_stem的驱动存在阈值效应,在Ψ_air降到-69 MPa前,Ψ_stem日变化幅度随Ψ_air增加而增加,之后呈下降趋势。土壤含水率降低引起苹果树水势、SPAC各界面上的水势梯度明显下降,且在土壤含水率降至约17%时存在阈值效应。研究结果为理解树木水分状况对土壤、大气干旱的响应机制提供了重要依据。     

亚热带-温带气候过渡区落叶阔叶林物种-生境关联分析

物种-生境关联分析有利于更好地理解物种共存理论和群落构建机制。根据秦岭落叶阔叶林25 hm²固定监测样地的调查数据,将树种分为幼苗、幼树和成树3个生活阶段,利用Torus-translation检验方法分析物种与不同生境类型之间的关联性。结果表明: 生境对各物种的影响不同。与高坡显著关联的物种数最多,其中95.7%为负关联;与低坡呈负相关的物种占89.5%;与山脊呈显著负关联的物种占90.9%;物种与高谷生境多存在显著正关联,呈负相关的只有1种,占0.03%。物种在幼苗、幼树和成树阶段与生境分别存在80、44和23个关联,表明幼苗阶段对生境的依赖程度更大。幼苗阶段的物种中有38个(占总物种数的90.5%)至少与一类生境存在显著的关联性;幼树阶段有25个(占总物种数的58.1%)至少与一类生境存在显著关联;成树阶段只有17个(占总物种数的39.5%)至少与一类生境存在显著关联。同一生境对不同生活史阶段物种的影响存在差异,到生活史阶段后期,生境的影响逐渐减弱。由于特定的环境需求,多数物种在不同生活史阶段表现出不同的生境偏好。     

鄱阳湖流域极端降水时空分布和非平稳性特征

全球变暖背景下的极端天气气候事件显著增加。本研究基于PreWhitening Mann-Kendall(PWMK)、极点对称模态分解法和广义可加模型,利用鄱阳湖流域1959—2019年16个国家级气象站点的逐日降水数据,从极端降水的强度、频率和持续性3个维度系统检测和分析流域极端降水的时空分布和非平稳性特征。结果表明: 研究期间,鄱阳湖流域极端降水强度和频率呈显著增加趋势,持续性呈下降趋势,极端降水整体表现出强度大、频率高、持续时间短的特点;极端降水存在明显的汛期和非汛期时间分异规律,汛期极端降水集中在流域北部和中部,而非汛期多集中于中部,子流域中信江流域降水量增加趋势最显著,达到2.10 mm·a^-1;汛期极端降水的持续时间越长,强度和范围越小,非汛期极端降水则相反;鄱阳湖流域的极端降水强度和频率以平稳性特征为主,持续性表现出非平稳性特征。随着鄱阳湖流域极端降水量的不断增加,其可能引发的灾害风险将进一步增大。     

中华蜜蜂AcNPC2b的原核表达和鉴定

[目的]中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana(简称中蜂),其胞内胆固醇转运体AcNPC2a能够识别并结合几种微生物的细胞壁,AcNPC2存在于该蜂触角,参与嗅觉通讯,关于AcNPC2b的功能尚未见报道.[方法]通过对中华蜜蜂AcNPC2b基因进行原核表达,以纯化的重组蛋白免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗血清;利用荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹检测AcNPC2b的转录活性及蛋白水平,通过微生物结合测定对AcNPC2b的功能进行探索.[结果]中蜂AcNPC2b含有信号肽和ML结构域,具有3个二硫键,与果蝇Drosophila melanogaster DmNPC2b聚为一个亚枝.荧光定量qRT-PCR检测发现,感染中蜂囊状幼虫病毒(Chinses sacbrood virus,简称CSBV)的幼虫体内AcNPC2b基因的表达呈现出先微弱下调再持续上调的趋势.获得了约16ku的重组蛋白AcNPC2b并制备了多克隆抗体,免疫印迹结果表明,中蜂AcNPC2b蛋白在工蜂头、胸与中肠中的表达量最高,触角、马氏管与脂肪体中次之.AcNPC2b蛋白在正常与感染CSBV病毒的中蜂幼虫中均有表达,且在感染CSBV的中蜂幼虫中有微弱上调.重组蛋白AcNPC2b微生物结合测定实验结果显示中蜂AcNPC2b重组蛋白均能与活的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、芽孢杆菌以及白僵菌结合.[结论]正常与感染CSBV病毒的中蜂幼虫体内AcNPC2b基因转录水平和AcNPC2b蛋白的表达含量存在差异,重组蛋白AcNPC2b具有识别并结合病原菌的能力,为后续深入研究AcNPC2b蛋白的分子功能奠定了一定理论基础.     

Modified Uterine Allotransplantation and Immunosuppression Procedure in the Sheep Model

Objective

To develop an orthotopic, allogeneic, uterine transplantation technique and an effective immunosuppressive protocol in the sheep model.

Methods

In this pilot study, 10 sexually mature ewes were subjected to laparotomy and total abdominal hysterectomy with oophorectomy to procure uterus allografts. The cold ischemic time was 60 min. End-to-end vascular anastomosis was performed using continuous, non-interlocking sutures. Complete tissue reperfusion was achieved in all animals within 30 s after the vascular re-anastomosis, without any evidence of arterial or venous thrombosis. The immunosuppressive protocol consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and methylprednisolone tablets. Graft viability was assessed by transrectal ultrasonography and second-look laparotomy at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively.

Results

Viable uterine tissue and vascular patency were observed on transrectal ultrasonography and second-look laparotomy. Histological analysis of the graft tissue (performed in one ewe) revealed normal tissue architecture with a very subtle inflammatory reaction but no edema or stasis.

Conclusion

We have developed a modified procedure that allowed us to successfully perform orthotopic, allogeneic, uterine transplantation in sheep, whose uterine and vascular anatomy (apart from the bicornuate uterus) is similar to the human anatomy, making the ovine model excellent for human uterine transplant research.     

5-羟色胺受体基因多态性位点与海洛因依赖的关联性研究

目的：5-HT（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）参与了多种中枢神经活动的生理过程,其功能异常可以影响很多行为障碍,已有研究显示,5-HT水平与多种精神疾病密切相关。5-HT受体及其转运体基因在海洛因依赖发生发展中起到了重要的作用,是海洛因依赖的主要候选基因。探讨5羟色胺2A受体（Serotonin 2A receptor,HTR2A）基因启动子区-1438A/G（rs6311）、外显子区102T/C（rs6313）与5羟色胺1B受体（Serotonin 1B receptor,HTR1B）基因外显子区861G/C（rs6296）3个单核苷酸多态性和海洛因依赖的关联性分析。方法：严格按照诊断标准,选取无亲缘关系的海洛因依赖个体616例及健康个体600例提取基因组DNA,采用PCR-RFLP方法检测rs6311、rs6313和rs6296 3个SNPs位点的基因型频率,采用SPSS16.0软件分析各位点等位基因、基因型频率在病例-对照组间差异。结果：HTR2A基因rs6311和HTR1B基因rs6296位点的等位基因及基因型频率分布在2组间存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）,病例组rs6311位点的等位基因A频率显著高于对照组（X2=5.436,P=0.020,OR=1.208,CI=1.031~1.417）,rs6296位点的等位基因C频率显著高于对照组（X2=12.116,P=0.000,OR=1.329,CI=1.132~1.560）。连锁不平衡检验结果显示,HTR2A基因rs6311、rs6313位点处于不连锁状态,D＇〈0.5。结论：HTR2A基因rs6311和HTR1B基因rs6296多态性可能与海洛因成瘾有关,携带有rs6311 A等位基因与rs6296 C等位基因的人可能更容易对海洛因产生依赖。我们的研究为海洛因依赖易感人群筛选及药物靶向治疗提供了理论依据。