全文获取类型
收费全文 | 635篇 |
免费 | 60篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 23篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 34篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 27篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 34篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有696条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Nigel A. S. Taylor James D. Cotter Stephen N. Stanley Robert N. Marshall 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1991,62(2):116-121
Technical limitations of some isokinetic dynamometers have called into question the validity of some data on human muscle mechanics. The Biodex dynamometer has been shown to minimize the impact artefact while permitting automatic gravity correction. This dynamometer was used to study quadriceps muscle torque and power generation in elite power (n = 6) and elite endurance (n = 7) athletes over 12 randomly assigned isokinetic velocities from 30 degrees.s-1 to 300 degrees.s-1. The angle at peak torque varied as a negative, linear function of angular velocity, with the average angle across test velocities being 59.5 degrees (SD 10.2 degrees). Power athletes developed greater peak torque at each angular velocity (P less than 0.05) and experienced a 39.7% decrement in torque over the velocity range tested. Endurance athletes encountered a 38.8% decline in peak torque. Torques measured at 60 degrees of knee flexion followed a similar trend in both groups; however the greatest torques were recorded at 60 degrees.s-1 rather than at 30 degrees.s-1. Leg extensor muscle power increased monotonically with angular velocity in both power (r2 = 0.728) and endurance athletes (r2 = 0.839); however these curves diverged significantly so that the power athletes produced progressively more power with each velocity increment. These inter group differences probably reflected a combination of natural selection and training adaptation. 相似文献
4.
DNA sequence has an effect on the extent and kinds of alkylation of DNA by a potent carcinogen 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A system has been developed to study the effects of base sequence (neighboring bases) upon the alkylation of guanine (G) and adenine (A) bases in DNA. The study was performed on the synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides, poly(dG).poly(dC), poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), poly(dA).poly(dT), poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT), poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT), poly(dA-dG).poly(dC-dT), as well as calf thymus DNA. Each polynucleotide was treated with N-[3H]methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), depurinated, and the freed alkylpurines separated by HPLC and quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. The amounts of 3-methylguanine (3-MG), 7-MG, and O6-MG relative to guanine, and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and 1-MA plus 7-MA relative to adenine, and also the O6-MG/7-MG ratios were highly reproducible for a given polynucleotide. Significant differences were found in the amounts of each of the methylpurines formed when compared among the six synthetic polynucleotides and DNA. This evidence is interpreted as an effect upon alkylation which is ultimately dependent upon the base sequence. These findings may have significance in defining the specificity of chemical carcinogens in terms of the susceptability to modification of nucleotide sequences such as those found in certain oncogenes. 相似文献
5.
Ultrastructural Changes During Germination of Dictyostelium discoideum Spores 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of bacteriology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Spores of Dictyostelium discoideum undergo significant changes in fine structure during germination. The mitochondria progressively become less dense and lose their peripherally attached ribosomes, and the tubuli become more pronounced as germination proceeds. During this period, the three-layered spore wall breaks down in two stages: first, the outer and middle layers are ruptured as a unit, and, second, the inner wall is breached. Crystals and dark (lipid) bodies disappear shortly before or during emergence of the myxamoebae. Autophagic vacuoles are found in dormant spores and throughout the entire germination process. The addition of cycloheximide to germinating spores inhibited the loss of the crystals and dark (lipid) bodies. In addition, the drug inhibited the breakdown of the inner wall layer. Cycloheximide did not prevent the formation of the water expulsion vesicle or the apparent function of the autophagic vacuoles. 相似文献
6.
7.
We have broadly defined the DNA regions regulating esterase6 activity in
several life stages and tissue types of D. melanogaster using P-
element-mediated transformation of constructs that contain the esterase6
coding region and deletions or substitutions in 5' or 3' flanking DNA.
Hemolymph is a conserved ancestral site of EST6 activity in Drosophila and
the primary sequences regulating its activity lie between -171 and -25 bp
relative to the translation initiation site: deletion of these sequences
decrease activity approximately 20-fold. Hemolymph activity is also
modulated by four other DNA regions, three of which lie 5' and one of which
lies 3' of the coding region. Of these, two have positive and two have
negative effects, each of approximately twofold. Esterase6 activity is
present also in two male reproductive tract tissues; the ejaculatory bulb,
which is another ancestral activity site, and the ejaculatory duct, which
is a recently acquired site within the melanogaster species subgroup.
Activities in these tissues are at least in part independently regulated:
activity in the ejaculatory bulb is conferred by sequences between -273 and
-172 bp (threefold decrease when deleted), while activity in the
ejaculatory duct is conferred by more distal sequences between -844 and
-614 bp (fourfold decrease when deleted). The reproductive tract activity
is further modulated by two additional DNA regions, one in 5' DNA (-613 to
-284 bp; threefold decrease when deleted) and the other in 3' DNA (+1860 to
+2731 bp; threefold decrease when deleted) that probably overlaps the
adjacent esteraseP gene. Collating these data with previous studies
suggests that expression of EST6 in the ancestral sites is mainly regulated
by conserved proximal sequences while more variable distal sequences
regulate expression in the acquired ejaculatory duct site.
相似文献
8.
RasG protein accumulation occurs just prior to amoebae emergence during spore germination in Dictyostelium discoideum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meenal Khosla George B. Spiegelman Gerald Weeks Todd W. Sands Kiran J. Virdy David A. Cotter 《FEMS microbiology letters》1994,117(3):293-298
Abstract RasG protein levels in dormant and germinating spores of Dictyostelium discoideum strains JC1 and SG1 were estimated by Western blotting. Ras Glevels were very low in dormant spores and remained low during the lag period, regardless of whether spores were heat activated or treated with autoactivator during the early stages of spore germination. RasG levels increased late during spore swelling just prior to the emergence stage of germination. These data are consistent with a requirement for RasG during vegetative growth. 相似文献
9.
Cheryl D. Helgason Lianfa Shi Arnold H. Greenberg Yufang Shi Peter Bromley Thomas G. Cotter Douglas R. Green R. Chris Bleackley 《Experimental cell research》1993,206(2)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lysis is accompanied by fragmentation of target cell DNA into an oligonucleosome ladder, a hallmark of apoptosis. Is this a fortuitous coincidence, or could CTL be inducing lysis by activation of the suicide signal? In this report we demonstrate that CTL-mediated target cell death can be blocked with the drug aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA). The abrogation of death correlates with the inhibition of DNA fragmentation. While ATA prevented DNA fragmentation, it failed to significantly alter protein, RNA, or DNA synthesis in the cell lines over the dose range used. In addition, there was no inhibition of cell-cell interaction or granule exocytosis during CTL-mediated killing. ATA also significantly inhibited the cytolysis and DNA fragmentation mediated by isolated cytolytic granules, as well as the granular protein fragmentin. We developed an assay in which target cells could be separated from CTL after binding and programming for lysis. Once they had received the "kiss of death," target cells could be rescued from lysis (as indicated by inhibition of DNA fragmentation and increased target cell viability) by treatment with ATA. These results suggest that ATA blocks target cell death by inhibition of DNA fragmentation, and further, that chromatin degradation is a cause rather than a result of cell death in CTL-mediated lysis. 相似文献
10.
Litman GW; Rast JP; Shamblott MJ; Haire RN; Hulst M; Roess W; Litman RT; Hinds- Frey KR; Zilch A; Amemiya CT 《Molecular biology and evolution》1993,10(1):60-72
Immunoglobulins are encoded by a large multigene system that undergoes
somatic rearrangement and additional genetic change during the development
of immunoglobulin-producing cells. Inducible antibody and antibody-like
responses are found in all vertebrates. However, immunoglobulin possessing
disulfide-bonded heavy and light chains and domain-type organization has
been described only in representatives of the jawed vertebrates. High
degrees of nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence identity are
evident when the segmental elements that constitute the immunoglobulin gene
loci in phylogenetically divergent vertebrates are compared. However, the
organization of gene loci and the manner in which the independent elements
recombine (and diversify) vary markedly among different taxa. One striking
pattern of gene organization is the "cluster type" that appears to be
restricted to the chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) and limits
segmental rearrangement to closely linked elements. This type of gene
organization is associated with both heavy- and light-chain gene loci. In
some cases, the clusters are "joined" or "partially joined" in the germ
line, in effect predetermining or partially predetermining, respectively,
the encoded specificities (the assumption being that these are expressed)
of the individual loci. By relating the sequences of transcribed gene
products to their respective germ-line genes, it is evident that, in some
cases, joined-type genes are expressed. This raises a question about the
existence and/or nature of allelic exclusion in these species. The
extensive variation in gene organization found throughout the vertebrate
species may relate directly to the role of intersegmental
(V<==>D<==>J) distances in the commitment of the individual
antibody-producing cell to a particular genetic specificity. Thus, the
evolution of this locus, perhaps more so than that of others, may reflect
the interrelationships between genetic organization and function.
相似文献