Seed transmission of turnip yellow mosaic virus in winter turnip and winter oilseed rapes

This is the first record of seed transmission of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) in oilseed and turnip rapes. The seed transmission of TYMV in a naturally infected winter turnip rape (Brassica napus var. silvestris) cultivar Perko PVH was investigated. By ELISA 1.6%, 3.2% and 8.3% seed transmission of the virus was found in seed of plants from three localities. The proportion of infected seeds produced by artificially infected plants of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) and winter turnip rape cultivars was determined. The virus transmission rate, expressed as the proportion of virus-infected plants which germinated from the seed was for the oilseed rape cvs Jet Neuf 0.1%, Solida 0.4%, Silesia 0.8%, Darmor 1.2%, SL-507 0.2%, SL-509 0.0% and for the winter turnip rape cv. Perko 1.5%. ELISA cannot be used in direct tests on bulk seed lots to estimate proportion of infected seed, but must be used on germinated seedlings.     

Imitieren Buchfinken(Fringilla coelebs) auf Bornholm den Alarmruf des Sprossers(Luscinia luscinia)?

Zusammenfassung 1979 und 1980 wurde in Ostbornholm ein einheitlicher Regenrufdialekt des Buchfinken gefunden, der dem Alarmruf des Sprossers sehr ähnlich klingt. Auch im Sonagramm zeigen sich morphologische Entsprechungen. Nach demMann-Whitney-Test sind die Mittelwerte der Frequenzen und Impulsdauer hochsignifikant verschieden, was jedoch im felde ohne direkten Vergleich nicht wahrnehmbar ist. Trotz der Differenzen wird Fremdimitaton für sehr wahrscheinlich gehalten, Zufallskonvergenz jedoch nicht ganz ausgeschlossen.

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A case of vocal appropriation in the Chaffinch to the alarm-call of the Thrush Nightingale at Bornholm?

Summary In 1979 and 1980 in the east of Bornholm (Baltic Sea, Danmark), an uniform dialect of the rain-call was found in the Chaffinch, which resembles the alarm call of the Thrush Nightingale(Luscinia luscinia). The sonagrams of the two calls are very similar in structure. The frequency and duration differ significantly. In the field, however, one can hardly take apart the two calls without direct comparison. Despite these differences, it is speculated, that the rain-call is an imitation, but convergence by chance can not be excluded.

     

Aspects of hadrosaurian cranial anatomy

Supraorbital bones in Saurolophus angustirostris are described, and their presence in all hadrosaurs is suggested. Frontal-nasal and premaxillar-nasal fontanellae are distinguished in hadrosaurs; their presence is explained as connected with growth and considered to he responsible for the variability of crest structures. New data indicating the presence of a cartilaginous diverticulum nasi within the circumnarial depression in Saurobphus ongustirostris are presented. A physiological (respiratory and/or thermoregulatory) function of the nasal diverticulum is proposed.     

European checkerspots (Melitaeini: Lepidoptera,Nymphalidae) are not aposematic – the point of view of great tits (Parus major)

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Multiplex panels of polymorphic microsatellite loci for two cryptic bat species of the genus Pipistrellus,developed by cross‐species amplification within the family Vespertilionidae

The paper presents multiplex panels of polymorphic microsatellites for two closely related cryptic species Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Pipistrellus pygmaeus. We tested the cross‐species amplification of 34 microsatellite loci, originally developed for five vespertilionid bat species. Ten and nine polymorphic loci in P. pipistrellus (mean number of alleles per locus = 10.5) and P. pygmaeus (8.1), respectively, in three multiplex polymerase chain reactions per species were amplified. All loci can be analysed in a single fragment analysis and can be used as markers to the study of evolution and the ecology of structured populations of socially living bats.     

The "Goldilocks Effect" in Cystic Fibrosis: identification of a lung phenotype in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">cftr</Emphasis> knockout and heterozygous mouse

Background  

Cystic Fibrosis is a pleiotropic disease in humans with primary morbidity and mortality associated with a lung disease phenotype. However, knockout in the mouse of cftr, the gene whose mutant alleles are responsible for cystic fibrosis, has previously failed to produce a readily, quantifiable lung phenotype.     

Characterization of the low molecular weight human serum proteome

Serum potentially carries an archive of important histological information whose determination could serve to improve early disease detection. The analysis of serum, however, is analytically challenging due to the high dynamic concentration range of constituent protein/peptide species, necessitating extensive fractionation prior to mass spectrometric analyses. The low molecular weight (LMW) serum proteome is that protein/peptide fraction from which high molecular weight proteins, such as albumin, immunoglobulins, transferrin, and lipoproteins, have been removed. This LMW fraction is made up of several classes of physiologically important proteins such as cytokines, chemokines, peptide hormones, as well as proteolytic fragments of larger proteins. Centrifugal ultrafiltration of serum was used to remove the large constituent proteins resulting in the enrichment of the LMW proteins/peptides. Because albumin is known to bind and transport small molecules and peptides within the circulatory system, the centrifugal ultrafiltration was conducted under solvent conditions effecting the disruption of protein-protein interactions. The LMW serum proteome sample was digested with trypsin, fractionated by strong cation exchange chromatography, and analyzed by microcapillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled on-line with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of the tandem mass spectra resulted in the identification of over 340 human serum proteins; however, not a single peptide from serum albumin was observed. The large number of proteins identified demonstrates the efficacy of this method for the removal of large abundant proteins and the enrichment of the LMW serum proteome.