桂西北喀斯特区域植被变化趋势及其对气候和地形的响应

基于1999—2010年的SPOT NDVI数据,分析了河池市植被变化趋势及空间差异,并结合气象和地形数据分析了植被与气候、地形的关系。结果表明:(1)桂西北喀斯特地区植被变化总体上呈恢复趋势,年均气候因子对植被变化的作用不明显;(2)200—500m的海拔范围内植被恢复显著,但400—500m的海拔范围内有小面积植被退化现象,随着海拔增加,植被变化趋于稳定;(3)6—15°的坡度范围内植被恢复最显著,而2—6°及大于25°坡度范围存在植被退化的现象;(4)不同坡向上的植被恢复差异不明显,但随着坡向由阴坡转阳坡,植被总体恢复呈减小趋势。喀斯特地区人类生态建设取得一定成效,但由于人类活动的负面影响,在海拔400—500m、坡度大于25°的阳坡区域仍存在植被减少的现象。     

生态工程背景下西南喀斯特植被变化主导因素及其空间非平稳性

我国西南喀斯特地区石漠化面积已实现净减少,植被状况具有明显改善。为了更清晰的了解该区植被变化情况及其影响因素的区域差异,采用长时间序列遥感数据,综合运用空间自相关分析、主成分分析(PCA)和地理加权回归(GWR)等研究方法,分析生态工程实施以来滇桂黔喀斯特植被变化及其主要影响因素的空间非平稳性。结果表明:与1982—2000年相比,2001—2011年生长季归一化植被指数(GSN)在整个研究区域都有增加且具有显著的空间集聚性(Ig为0.90),但增加程度在空间上具有差异性(变异系数为43%);影响滇桂黔植被变化的主要因素包括气候因子、土壤质地、人类活动、水分有效性、土壤养分和社会经济条件,且对植被变化的影响程度随地理位置的变化而变化。不同工程地貌类型区内,影响植被变化的主导因素不同,且存在显著的空间差异性,需综合考虑植被变化主导因素的区域差异来调整或改进后续生态工程措施。     

猪脂肪干细胞的特点及其应用

脂肪干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)是从脂肪组织中分离得到的一种具有多元分化潜能的干细胞,且脂肪组织在人体内的储量丰富,取材简单。因此,人源脂肪干细胞(human adipose-derived stem cells,hADSCs)具有良好的应用前景,如干细胞治疗、再生以及药物研发等。然而,要将这些基础研究成果应用于临床,必须通过临床前的安全性、可行性和潜在的风险评估。而在实验动物中,猪与人类在解剖学、遗传学和生理学上非常相似,因此猪脂肪干细胞(porcine adiposederived stem cells,pADSCs)的相关研究对人脂肪干细胞走向临床应用具有重要的理论及实践意义。基于猪脂肪干细胞的重要作用,本文综述了猪脂肪干细胞的分离、培养、免疫表型、分化能力及应用前景。     

Artesunate improves venetoclax plus cytarabine AML cell targeting by regulating the Noxa/Bim/Mcl-1/p-Chk1 axis

Venetoclax plus cytarabine therapy is approved for elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and needs further improvement. We studied the mechanisms of venetoclax plus cytarabine treatment and searched for a third agent to enhance their effects. Cytarabine induces S phase arrest-mediated DNA damage with activation of DNA replication checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) through phosphorylation, while venetoclax induces B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim)-mediated apoptotic DNA damage. Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) plays negative roles in both events by sequestering Bim and accelerating Chk1 phosphorylation. Venetoclax releases Bim from Bcl-2 with increased Bim binding to Mcl-1. Artesunate, an antimalaria drug, induces Noxa to replace Bim from Mcl-1 and induces synergistic apoptosis with venetoclax accompanied with Mcl-1 reduction. Silencing Mcl-1 or adding venetoclax/artesunate diminishes the cytarabine resistance pathway p-Chk1. The triple combination exhibits S phase arrest with enhanced DNA damage, improves AML colony formation inhibition, and prolongs survival of two mice xenograft models compared to the venetoclax/cytarabine dual combination. Artesunate serves as a bridge for venetoclax and cytarabine combination by Noxa and Bim-mediated apoptosis and Mcl-1 reduction. We provide a new triple combination for AML treatment by targeting the Noxa/Mcl-1/Bim axis to reverse Mcl-1/p-Chk1 resistance of cytarabine therapy.Subject terms: Acute myeloid leukaemia, Pharmacodynamics     

平潭岛典型海岸草丛沙堆植物群落水势日变化特征及其影响因素

水势是反映植物受到环境胁迫的重要指标之一,可用来确定其受胁迫的程度和适应能力大小。以福建省平潭岛海岸典型沙生植物老鼠艻(Spinifex littoreus)形成的草丛沙堆为研究对象,选取晴朗无云的天气,采用PSYPRO水势测量系统对其植物叶、茎水势及其所形成的沙堆土壤水势进行测定,同时采用HUMIPORT10手持式温湿度计对当日的气象要素进行同步观测。结果表明:(1)老鼠艻的叶水势呈现出与早晚高午间低相反的反梯度现象,叶、茎水势的日变化均表现为"M"型变化趋势,除18:00后,其它时间均表现为叶片水势下降、茎干水势上升,并且发现叶、茎水势的变化趋势存在位相后移现象;(2)老鼠艻的叶、茎水势在10:00时差异达到最大的0.65MPa,且茎水势高于叶水势,在14:00左右,植物茎水势出现低于叶水势的反常现象,在18:00时叶、茎水势趋于相同;(3)除表层30cm外,其它层土壤水势日变化特征总体表现为从早晨开始下降,14:00达到最低,但总体变化不明显;(4)随着深度增加,草丛沙堆土壤水势呈现为依次增加的趋势,但80cm以下土壤水势变化不显著(P0.1);(5)叶水势与大气水势具有较好的相关性,且变化显著(P0.1),与茎水势及浅层土壤水势有一定相关性,但变化不显著(P0.1),与50cm以下土壤水势均无相关性。     

Genetic variation and domestication of horses revealed by 10 chromosome-level genomes and whole-genome resequencing

Understanding the genetic variations of the horse (Equus caballus) genome will improve breeding conservation and welfare. However, genetic variations in long segments, such as structural variants (SVs), remain understudied. We de novo assembled 10 chromosome-level three-dimensional horse genomes, each representing a distinct breed, and analysed horse SVs using a multi-assembly approach. Our findings suggest that SVs with the accumulation of mammalian-wide interspersed repeats related to long interspersed nuclear elements might be a horse-specific mechanism to modulate genome-wide gene regulatory networks. We found that olfactory receptors were commonly loss and accumulated deleterious mutations, but no purge of deleterious mutations occurred during horse domestication. We examined the potential effects of SVs on the spatial structure of chromatin via topologically associating domains (TADs). Breed-specific TADs were significantly enriched by breed-specific SVs. We identified 4199 unique breakpoint-resolved novel insertions across all chromosomes that account for 2.84 Mb sequences missing from the reference genome. Several novel insertions might have potential functional consequences, as 519 appeared to reside within 449 gene bodies. These genes are primarily involved in pathogen recognition, innate immune responses and drug metabolism. Moreover, 37 diverse horses were resequenced. Combining this with public data, we analysed 97 horses through a comparative population genomics approach to identify the genetic basis underlying breed characteristics using Thoroughbreds as a case study. We provide new scientific evidence for horse domestication, an understanding of the genetic mechanism underlying the phenotypic evolution of horses, and a comprehensive genetic variation resource for further genetic studies of horses.     

HectD1 controls hematopoietic stem cell regeneration by coordinating ribosome assembly and protein synthesis

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Enhanced Colon-Targeted Release of Propolis by pH-driven Encapsulation using Folic Acid Modified Carboxymethyl Chitosan

Food Biophysics - Propolis is a natural bioactive compound that is being explored as a nutraceutical because of its potential health benefits. In this study, propolis-loaded biopolymer...