Genetic diversity analysis of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) based on cyt b and D-loop-containing region around Hongze Lake

Environmental Biology of Fishes - Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) is an important freshwater aquaculture species in China. The study of the genetic diversity of native crucian carp will provide...     

Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources,carbon-to-nitrogen ratio,and initial pH on the growth of nematophagous fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pochonia chlamydosporia</Emphasis> in liquid culture

The effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) and initial pH value on the growth and sporulation of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia in liquid culture were examined. Among the 21 carbon sources and 15 nitrogen compounds tested, the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelial growth were sweet potato and L-tyrosine, and for sporulation were sweet potato and casein peptone. A C:N ratio of 10:1 at pH 3.7 gave the maximum yield of conidia and a C:N ratio of 40:1 at pH 6.8 gave the maximum biomass. The initial pH value had a significant effect on mycelial growth and conidial production, with the optimal ranges being 3.5–4.5 for sporulation and 5–6 for growth. Maximum conidial production was obtained at an initial pH of 4.0 and the maximum biomass at pH 6.0. The results also showed that the final pH after 7 days cultivation was always higher than the initial value. The variability in growth and sporulation of seven strains of P. chlamydosporia in liquid culture was also compared and discussed.