首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   49574篇
  免费   4168篇
  国内免费   125篇
  2022年   380篇
  2021年   827篇
  2020年   505篇
  2019年   702篇
  2018年   894篇
  2017年   732篇
  2016年   1239篇
  2015年   1969篇
  2014年   2193篇
  2013年   2896篇
  2012年   3380篇
  2011年   3152篇
  2010年   2165篇
  2009年   1799篇
  2008年   2569篇
  2007年   2542篇
  2006年   2305篇
  2005年   2136篇
  2004年   2136篇
  2003年   1991篇
  2002年   1998篇
  2001年   1199篇
  2000年   1062篇
  1999年   971篇
  1998年   616篇
  1997年   539篇
  1996年   444篇
  1995年   434篇
  1994年   351篇
  1993年   382篇
  1992年   647篇
  1991年   596篇
  1990年   561篇
  1989年   503篇
  1988年   412篇
  1987年   412篇
  1986年   382篇
  1985年   427篇
  1984年   398篇
  1983年   377篇
  1982年   265篇
  1981年   267篇
  1980年   252篇
  1979年   310篇
  1978年   289篇
  1977年   306篇
  1976年   283篇
  1975年   280篇
  1974年   272篇
  1973年   259篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Jan Scheirs  Luc De Bruyn 《Oikos》2002,97(1):139-144
The role of top-down forces in host choice evolution of phytophagous arthropods is the subject of a vividly animated debate. Empirical evidence for the evolutionary role of top-down forces comes from studies showing that phytophagous arthropods prefer hosts that entail enemy-free space. The aim of this paper is to draw the attention of plant–arthropod researchers to the potentially, temporally variable nature of third trophic level effects. We show that this aspect is largely neglected in studies on enemy-free space, despite the fact that relative enemy impact varies seasonally among plants in at least some studies. We conclude that rigorous testing of the enemy-free space hypothesis can only be performed when within and between season variation in higher trophic level effects is taken into account.  相似文献   
3.
4.
5.
The recycling of metals is widely viewed as a fruitful sustainability strategy, but little information is available on the degree to which recycling is actually taking place. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge of recycling rates for 60 metals. We propose various recycling metrics, discuss relevant aspects of recycling processes, and present current estimates on global end‐of‐life recycling rates (EOL‐RR; i.e., the percentage of a metal in discards that is actually recycled), recycled content (RC), and old scrap ratios (OSRs; i.e., the share of old scrap in the total scrap flow). Because of increases in metal use over time and long metal in‐use lifetimes, many RC values are low and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Because of relatively low efficiencies in the collection and processing of most discarded products, inherent limitations in recycling processes, and the fact that primary material is often relatively abundant and low‐cost (which thereby keeps down the price of scrap), many EOL‐RRs are very low: Only for 18 metals (silver, aluminum, gold, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, niobium, nickel, lead, palladium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, tin, titanium, and zinc) is the EOL‐RR above 50% at present. Only for niobium, lead, and ruthenium is the RC above 50%, although 16 metals are in the 25% to 50% range. Thirteen metals have an OSR greater than 50%. These estimates may be used in considerations of whether recycling efficiencies can be improved; which metric could best encourage improved effectiveness in recycling; and an improved understanding of the dependence of recycling on economics, technology, and other factors.  相似文献   
6.
7.
8.
9.
The aim of this work was the evaluation of fluorescence ITS-PCR (f-ITS) as a molecular tool to analyze the microbial community involved in the biodeterioration of cultural heritage surfaces. As a case study we analyzed by f-ITS ninety-two bacterial strains isolated from a medieval fresco and the surrounding air environment. The internal transcribed spacer between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes was amplified, and then the fluorescently labeled PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis. Bacterial strains were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The f-ITS electropherograms showed different profiles coherent with the affiliation of the strains at the genus and species levels. Among the isolates obtained from the fresco surface, those belonging to the genus Bacillus were the most prevailing exhibiting 8 different f-ITS profiles. The airborne bacilli exhibited only 2 of these 8 profiles. Staphylococcus were mostly isolated from air and produced 4 different profiles. Pseudomonas isolates presented 3 different profiles, and one of them was typical of Pseudomonas putida. Members of the other genera produced their distinctive profiles. Our results show that f-ITS is a promising molecular tool for the rapid selection and clustering of strains isolated from different sources.  相似文献   
10.
Walking speed is a fundamental indicator for human well-being. In a clinical setting, walking speed is typically measured by means of walking tests using different protocols. However, walking speed obtained in this way is unlikely to be representative of the conditions in a free-living environment. Recently, mobile accelerometry has opened up the possibility to extract walking speed from long-time observations in free-living individuals, but the validity of these measurements needs to be determined. In this investigation, we have developed algorithms for walking speed prediction based on 3D accelerometry data (actibelt®) and created a framework using a standardized data set with gold standard annotations to facilitate the validation and comparison of these algorithms. For this purpose 17 healthy subjects operated a newly developed mobile gold standard while walking/running on an indoor track. Subsequently, the validity of 12 candidate algorithms for walking speed prediction ranging from well-known simple approaches like combining step length with frequency to more sophisticated algorithms such as linear and non-linear models was assessed using statistical measures. As a result, a novel algorithm employing support vector regression was found to perform best with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.93 (95%CI 0.92–0.94) and a coverage probability CP1 of 0.46 (95%CI 0.12–0.70) for a deviation of 0.1 m/s (CP2 0.78, CP3 0.94) when compared to the mobile gold standard while walking indoors. A smaller outdoor experiment confirmed those results with even better coverage probability. We conclude that walking speed thus obtained has the potential to help establish walking speed in free-living environments as a patient-oriented outcome measure.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号