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The tautomeric composition of a solution of ammonium 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate (KDO, 1a) in D2O at 28° was assessed by means of 13 C-F.t.-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The results revealed the presence of 6?0 and 11 % of the α and β anomers of the pyranose, and 20 and 9 % of the two furanoses, and suggested, but did not unequivocally prove, that the major furanose form is the α anomer. To facilitate interpretation of the spectral results for 1, ammonium 3,5-dideoxy-d-arabino(or ribo)-octulosonate (3a) was prepared by the reaction of 5-deoxy-d-erythro-pentose with sodium oxalacetate at pH 11. A chromatographically homogeneous, noncrystalline sample of 3 was obtained by lyophilization, and characterized as its (4-nitrophenyl)hydrazone (m.p. 162-163°). The 13C-n.m.r. spectrum of a solution of 3a in D2O revealed it to be substantially all in the α-pyranose form. No signals were obtained for the possible 1,4-lactone of 3. As the 1,5-lactone and furanose forms are impossible for 3, it exhibited no signals analogous to those attributed to furanoid 1. On the basis of these results for 3, the two lactone forms of 1 were excluded from consideration, and the three pairs of 13C-n.m.r. signals observed at ≈45, 86, and 104 p.p.m. were assigned to the furanose forms of 1. 相似文献
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Walenkamp AM Chaka WS Verheul AF Vaishnav VV Cherniak R Coenjaerts FE Hoepelman IM 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1999,26(3-4):309-318
We studied the cytokine profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with various cryptococcal strains or its purified cell wall components. After 3 h of stimulation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha levels were strongly increased, whereas interferon (IFN) gamma and interleukin (IL) 10 levels were increased only slightly, or not at all (respectively). In contrast, after 18 h, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels were (strongly) decreased, whereas the IL-10 levels were increased. The IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were equally high throughout the experiment. In order to establish which of the cryptococcal envelope components contributed most to the observed cytokine profile induced by whole cryptococci, glucuronoxylomannan, galactoxylomannan and mannoproteins were purified and partially characterized biochemically. All cryptococcal components elicited a similar cytokine pattern despite the differences in structure. 相似文献
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A Ia Cherniak I V Demidov I B Karmanova N V Cherniak N K Kochetkov 《Bioorganicheskaia khimiia》1989,15(1):111-122
Condensation of (2-trifluoracetamidoethyl) 2-O-acetyl-4-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside and (2-trifluoroacetamidoethyl) 2,4-di-O-benzyl-beta-L-rhamnopyranoside with 3,6-dideoxy-2,4-di-O-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-alpha-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl bromide followed by deprotection and N-acryloylation gave (2-acrylamidoethyl) 3-O-(alpha-abequopyranosyl)-alpha-and-beta-L-rhamnopyranosides+ ++, respectively. The glycosides obtained were converted, via radical copolymerization with acrylamide, into copolymers having as branches disaccharide determinants of the 0 : 8 factor of Salmonella. 相似文献
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Ultrastructural changes of rat diaphragm muscle fibers were studied after administration of chlorophos, i. e. organophosphorus inhibitor. Observations were made 10-180 seconds after treatment (concentrations--18 and 24 mM). The swelling of mitochondria and the increase in the length of sarcomeres were observed simultaneously. These changes were phasic. The swelling of mitochondria is probably due to the increase in energetical activity of muscle fibres. 相似文献
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Fetisova EK Avetisian AV Iziumov DS Korotetskaia MV Tashlitskiĭ VN Skulachev VP Cherniak BV 《Tsitologiia》2010,52(12):1031-1040
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants of the SkQRI family, being accumulated in energized mitochondria, protect cells from oxidative stress by increasing the level of reduced glutathione and decreasing the cell-damaging effect induced by hydrogen peroxide. Using various human transformed cell lines and SkQR1 (a fluorescent member of the SkQ family), we show that SkQR1 is ejected from chemotherapy-resistant cells by P-glycoprotein--one of the main transport proteins determining multidrug resistance typical for many neoplastic cells. It is also shown that SkQR1 ejection is neutralized by P-glycoprotein inhibitors (verapamil and pluronic L61). In experiments on K562 cells, it was found that the subline sensitive to chemotherapy is protected by SkQR1 from apoptotic action of hydrogen peroxide. Protection of the resistant subline occurs only after inhibition of P-glycoprotein. 相似文献