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1.
Treatment of cut-throat trout broodfish Salmo clarki (Richardson) with Sulphamerazine at 220 mg/kg (10 g/100 1b) of fish/day for 14 days resulted in severe kidney histopathology and increased mortality among males. Experimental data presented showed that cut-throat trout broodfish were extremely sensitive to Sulphamerazine toxicity. Hydropic degeneration of renal tubule epithelium and haemorrhage into tubule lumens were observed in kidneys of both male and female trout, but was more severe in the former. Death, which occurred only in males, was correlated with spawning stress and impaired renal function. 相似文献
2.
R C Strange B T Chapman J D Johnston I A Nimmo I W Percy-Robb 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1979,573(3):535-545
1. The subcellular distribution of conjugates of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid between cytosol, nuclei, mitochondria and microsomes in rat liver has been determined. 2. The partition coefficients for the distribution of these bile acids between subcellular fractions and buffer have been measured and used to construct a compartmental model of the amounts of conjugated bile acids present in the different subcellular organelles in vivo. 3. This model indicates that a large percentage of the bile acid in the rat liver is found in the nuclear fraction; 42% of the cholic acid conjugates and 27% of the chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates. Substantial amounts of bile acid are also present in microsomes and mitochondria suggesting that published estimates of the amounts of bile acids in these fractions are underestimates. 4. The model also allows the amount of bile acid which is in free solution in cytosol to be determined; 10.9% of the cholic acid conjugates and 4.1% of the chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates in rat liver were present in this fraction. Knowlege of the amount of free bile acid allows possible roles of the cytosolic bile binding proteins to be assessed. 相似文献
3.
Bromosulphophthalein and N-ethylmaleimide, inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18 RX: glutathione R. transferase), have been used to identify variant forms of the erythrocyte enzyme. One 'atypical' sample was detected and was shown to have appreciably different kinetic and stability properties. These inhibitors may be useful in surveys of variation in this group of enzymes. 相似文献
4.
Marc E. Savard J. David Miller Baharuddin Salleh Richard N. Strange 《Mycopathologia》1990,110(3):177-181
Extracts of rice on which an isolate of Fusarium chlamydosporum had been cultured were toxic to brine shrimps. The toxic fraction was purified by flash chromatography to give two compounds which were identified by UV, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy at the 6 and 6 isomers of 5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6, 8a-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-2H,8aH-pyrano[2,3-b]pyran-2-one. These lactones for which the name chlamydosporol is proposed have not been reported previously. When tested in brine shrimp and HeLa cell assays, the LC50 concentration for a mixture of the isomers was approximately 400 g/ml in both systems. 相似文献
5.
Summary Active HCO
3
t-
secretion in the anterior rectal salt gland of the mosquito larva,Aedes dorsalis, is mediated by a 11 Cl–/HCO
3
–
exchanger. The cellular mechanisms of HCO
3
–
and Cl– transport are examined using ion- and voltage-sensitive microelectrodes in conjunction with a microperfused preparation which allowed rapid saline changes. Addition of DIDS or acetazolamide to, or removal of CO2 and HCO
3
–
from, the serosal bath caused large (20 to 50 mV) hyperpolarizations of apical membrane potential (V
a) and had little effect on basolateral potential (V
bl). Changes in luminal Cl– concentration alteredV
a in a repid, linear manner with a slope of 42.2 mV/decaloga
Cl
l
–. Intracellular Cl– activity was 23.5mm and was approximately 10mm lower than that predicted for a passive distribution across the apical membrane. Changes in serosal Cl– concentration had no effect onV
bl, indicating an electrically silent basolateral Cl– exit step. Intracellular pH in anterior rectal cells was 7.67 and the calculated
was 14.4mm. These results show that under control conditions HCO3 enters the anterior rectal cell by an active mechanism against an electrochemical gradient of 77.1 mV and exits the cell at the apical membrane down a favorable electrochemical gradient of 27.6 mV. A tentative cellular model is proposed in which Cl enters the apical membrane of the anterior rectal cells by passive, electrodiffusive movement through a Cl–-selective channel, and HCO
3
–
exits the cell by an active or passive electrogenic transport mechanism. The electrically silent nature of basolateral Cl– exit and HCO3 entry, and the effects of serosal addition of the Cl–/HCO3 exchange inhibitor, DIDS, on
and transepithelial potential (V
ic) suggest strongly that the basolateral membrane is the site of a direct coupling between Cl– and HCO
3
–
movements. 相似文献
6.
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Torpedo Electric Organ: Effect of Guanine Nucleotides 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Abstract: The effect of guanine nucleotides on the binding properties of presynaptic muscarinic receptors has been studied in a membrane preparation from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata by measuring the competitive displacement of the radiolabelled antagonist, [3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, by nonradioactive muscarinic ligands. The binding of the antagonists, atropine, scopolamine and pirenzepine was to a single class of sites [slope factors (pseudo Hill coefficients) close to 1] and was unaffected by 0.1 m M GTP. The binding of the N -methylated antagonists, N -methylatropine and N -methyl-scopolamine was more complex (slope factors <1) but also insensitive ( N- methylatropine) to 0.1 m M GTP. Agonist binding was complex and could be resolved into two binding sites with relatively high and low affinities. The proportion of high-affinity sites varied with the nature of the agonist (15–80%). Agonist binding was depressed by 0.1 m M GTP, and the order of sensitivity was oxotremorine-M > carbamoylcholine > muscarine > acetylcholine > arecoline > oxotremorine. The binding of pilocarpine, a partial agonist, was unaffected by GTP. With carbamoylcholine as a test ligand the GTP effect on agonist binding was half-maximal at 12 μM. GDP and guanylylimidodiphosphate produced comparable inhibition of carbamoylcholine binding, but GMP and cyclic GMP were ineffective, as were various adenine nucleotides. Analysis of agonist binding in terms of a two-site model indicates that the predominant effect of guanine nucleotides is to reduce the number of sites of higher affinity. 相似文献
7.
8.
Hooker AD Goldman MH Markham NH James DC Ison AP Bull AT Strange PG Salmon I Baines AJ Jenkins N 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》1995,48(6):639-648
A recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line making human interfron-gamma (IFN-gamma) was grown in 12-L stirred tank fermentors in three batch fermentations under conditions of constant temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen tension. In addition to cell growth, metabolite, and productivity data, a detailed analysis of the carbohydrate structures attached to each glycosylation site of IFN-gamma was achieved using matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in combination with exoglycosidase array sequencing. Complex biantennary oligosaccharides (particularly Gal(2)GlcNAc(4)Man(3) which was core alephl-6 fucosylated at Asn(25) but not at Asng(97)) were most prevalent at both glycosylation sites. However, considerable microheterogeneity arising from the presence of triantennary and truncated glycan structures was also observed. The proportion of the dominant core glycan structure (Gal(2)GlcNAc(4)Man(3) +/- Fuc(1)) decreased by 15-26% during batch culture, with increases in the proportion of oligomannose and truncated glycans over the same time period. Prolonged culture resulting from an extended lag phase led to further accumulation of oligomannose and truncated structures, reaching up to 52% of total glycans attached to Asng(97) by 240 h of culture. The implications of these glycosylation changes for optimizing the time for harvesting cell cultures, and for the clearance of recombinant therapeutic products in vivo are discussed. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
9.
Electrocardiographic tracings were recorded continuously to monitor ventricular tachycardia and R-on-T and R-on-apex-T ventricular premature beats, and repeated estimations of venous plasma total catecholamine concentrations were carried out in 26 patients admitted to a coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction. No relation existed between the increased catecholamine concentrations found in these patients and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias occurring six to 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. 相似文献
10.
A comparison of erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase activity from human foetuses and adults. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Glutathione S-transferase activity was measured in partially purified haemolysates of erythrocytes from human foetuses and adults. Enzyme activity was present in erythrocytes obtained between 12 and 40 weeks of gestation. The catalytic properties of the enzyme from foetal cells were similar to those of the enzyme from adult erythrocytes, indicating that probably only one form of the erythrocytes enzyme exists throughout foetal and adult life. 相似文献