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1.
Calcium domains associated with individual channels can account for anomalous voltage relations of CA-dependent responses. 总被引:31,自引:8,他引:23 下载免费PDF全文
Computer-assisted modeling of calcium influx through voltage-activated membrane channels predicted that buffer-limited elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration occurs within microscopic hemispherical "domains" centered upon the active Ca channels. With increasing depolarization, the number of activated channels, and hence the number of Ca domains, should increase; the single-channel current should, however, decrease, thereby decreasing Ca2+ accumulation in each domain relative to the macroscopic current. Such voltage dependence of the microscopic distribution of Ca2+ may influence relations between total Ca2+ entry and Ca-dependent processes. Ca-mediated inactivation of Ca channels in Aplysia neurons exhibits behavior consistent with the calcium domain hypothesis. 相似文献
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Effects of variation in the structure of spermine on the association with DNA and the induction of DNA conformational changes. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Manganese shares the uniport mechanism of mitochondrial calcium influx, accumulates in mitochondria and is cleared only very slowly from brain. Using dual-label isotope techniques, we have investigated both Mn2+ and Ca2+ mitochondrial efflux kinetics. We report that (1) there is no significant Na(+)-dependent Mn2+ efflux from brain mitochondria; (2) Mn2+ inhibits both Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent Ca2+ efflux in brain, in a mode that appears to be primarily competitive and with apparent Ki values of 5.1 and 7.9 nmol/mg respectively; and (3) Ca2+ does not appear to inhibit Mn2+ efflux from brain mitochondria. Findings (1) and (2) suggest the possibility of mitochondrial accumulation of both Mn2+ and Ca2+ in Mn2(+)-intoxicated brain. 相似文献
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Two closely related and often confused species of Pseudodiaptomus from the Lobus-species group, P. lobipes and P. binghami are redescribed from various locations along the east coast of India. These species predominately occur in freshwater though they can survive temporary periods of increased salinity. The distinctive features of the species are found on: female caudal ramal setae, female and male urosome 1–2 spinulation patterns, and fifth legs. A new species P. mixtus from Bangladesh is described. 相似文献
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R. Christopher Pierce Amy J. Clemens Chad P. Grabner George V. Rebec 《Journal of neurochemistry》1994,63(4):1499-1507
Abstract: In the neostriatum, amphetamine and other dopamine agonists elevate the extracellular level of ascorbate, which is known to modulate neostriatal function. Although both D1 and D2 receptors have been linked to neostriatal ascorbate release, ample evidence suggests it is controlled by areas outside the neostriatum. The present series of experiments used selective lesions and intracerebral drug infusions to probe the involvement of the ventromedial thalamus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. Our results implicate both of these sites in amphetamine-induced increases in the release of neostriatal ascorbate. Thus, whereas unilateral electrolytic lesions of the substantia nigra pars reticulata completely abolished the ability of systemic amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) to increase extracellular ascorbate in ipsilateral neostriatum, intranigral infusions of this drug (10 and 30 µg/µl) elevated neostriatal ascorbate release. This infusion effect, moreover, was blocked by electrolytic lesions of the ipsilateral ventromedial thalamus, which receives input from the substantia nigra pars reticulata and projects to the cerebral cortex. These results, combined with previous evidence implicating cortical projections to neostriatum as the source of extracellular ascorbate, suggest that neostriatal ascorbate release is regulated, at least in part, by a nigro-thalamo-cortico-neostriatal pathway. 相似文献
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Juliette J. Kahle George P. Souroullas Peng Yu Fabian Zohren Yoontae Lee Chad A. Shaw Huda Y. Zoghbi Margaret A. Goodell 《PLoS genetics》2013,9(3)
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are rare quiescent cells that continuously replenish the cellular components of the peripheral blood. Observing that the ataxia-associated gene Ataxin-1-like (Atxn1L) was highly expressed in HSCs, we examined its role in HSC function through in vitro and in vivo assays. Mice lacking Atxn1L had greater numbers of HSCs that regenerated the blood more quickly than their wild-type counterparts. Molecular analyses indicated Atxn1L null HSCs had gene expression changes that regulate a program consistent with their higher level of proliferation, suggesting that Atxn1L is a novel regulator of HSC quiescence. To determine if additional brain-associated genes were candidates for hematologic regulation, we examined genes encoding proteins from autism- and ataxia-associated protein–protein interaction networks for their representation in hematopoietic cell populations. The interactomes were found to be highly enriched for proteins encoded by genes specifically expressed in HSCs relative to their differentiated progeny. Our data suggest a heretofore unappreciated similarity between regulatory modules in the brain and HSCs, offering a new strategy for novel gene discovery in both systems. 相似文献
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Chad Husby 《The Botanical review》2013,79(2):147-177
Horsetails are unique survivors of a very ancient group of vascular plants, the Sphenophyta, which has a history reaching back to the Upper Devonian. Despite the striking conservatism of Equisetum architecture and anatomy and the small number of species (15) in the modern flora, their ability to thrive under a wide range of conditions is remarkable. This is due to a diverse suite of adaptations that allow tolerance of disturbance, soil anoxia, high metals, and salinity, along with efficient nutrient uptake and nitrogen fixation. The giant horsetails represent the largest living Sphenophyta and provide insights into how their larger ancestors lived and how this ancient lineage has managed to survive in tropical regions. 相似文献
9.
Taylor Lotem Curson David Verutes Gregory M. Wilsey Chad 《Wetlands Ecology and Management》2020,28(3):527-541
Wetlands Ecology and Management - Salt marshes are at risk globally if they cannot keep pace with sea level rise. Along the United States Mid-Atlantic coast, high marsh has already declined, and is... 相似文献
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Vegetation History and Archaeobotany - Laguna Santa Elena (8.9290° N, 82.9257° W, 1055 m a.s.l.) is a small lake in the Diquís archaeological sub-region of southern Pacific... 相似文献