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1.
An Improved Diluent for Rubella Hemagglutination and Hemagglutination-Inhibition Tests 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Angela E. Auletta Gary L. Gitnick Carrie E. Whitmire John L. Sever 《Applied microbiology》1968,16(5):691-694
Rubella hemagglutinating (HA) antigen was prepared in BHK-21 tissue as 5% cell suspensions and from unconcentrated and 20× concentrated infected supernatant fluids. In some instances, unconcentrated fluids were treated with Tween 80 and ether; cell suspensions were treated with ether alone. Preparations were tested for HA activity in dextrose-gelatin-Veronal (DGV) buffer solutions; 0.85% NaCl; Sorenson's phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2; and a diluent of 0.9% NaCl, 0.1% CaCl2 (anhydrous), and 0.1% MgSO4·7H2O. HA titers were consistently two- to fourfold higher in the saline with added Ca++ and Mg++ than in DGV. Hemagglutination-inhibition titers of paired human sera were the same in either diluent. It is suggested that the interaction between rubella HA antigen and the red cells of young (less than 1-day-old) chicks may be at least partially ion dependent and that titers are enhanced by increased quantities of divalent cations. 相似文献
2.
Gregory M. L. Patterson Kathleen K. Baker Cynthia L. Baldwin Christine M. Bolis Faith R. Caplan Linda K. Larsen Ira A. Levine Richard E. Moore E. Moore Carrie S. Nelson Kathryn D. Tschappat Grace D. Tuang Michael R. Boyd John H. Cardellina Ralph P. Collins Kirk R. Gustafson Kenneth M. Snader Owen S. Weislow Ralph A. Lewin 《Journal of phycology》1993,29(1):125-130
Lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from approximately 600 strains of cultured cyanophytes, representing some 300 species, were examined for antiviral activity against three pathogenic viruses. Approximately 10% of the cultures produced substances that caused significant reduction in cytopathic effect normally associated with viral infection. The screening program identified the order Chroococcales as commonly producing antiviral agents. 相似文献
3.
The Second Messenger, Cyclic AMP, Is Not Sufficient for Myelin Gene Induction in the Peripheral Nervous System 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joseph F. Poduslo Randall S. Walikonis Marie-Christine Domec Carole T. Berg Carrie J. Holtz-Heppelmann 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,65(1):149-159
Abstract: The adenylyl cyclase-cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathway has been proposed to regulate myelin gene expression; however, a clear correlation between endogenous cAMP levels and myelin-specific mRNA levels has never been demonstrated during the induction or maintenance of differentiation by the myelinating Schwann cell. Endogenous cAMP levels decreased to 8–10% of normal nerve by 3 days after crush or permanent transection injury of adult rat sciatic nerve. Whereas levels remained low after transection injury, cAMP levels reached only 27% of the normal values by 35 days after crush injury. Because P0 mRNA levels were 60% of normal levels by 14 days and 100% by 21 days after crush injury, cAMP increased only well after P0 gene induction. cAMP, therefore, does not appear to trigger myelin gene induction but may be involved in myelin assembly or maintenance. Forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, increased endoneurial cAMP levels only in the normal nerve, and in the crushed nerve beginning at 16 days after injury, but at no time in the transected nerve. Only by treating transected nerve with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), an inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterases, in combination with forskolin was it possible to increase cAMP levels. No induction of myelin genes, however, was observed with short- or long-term treatment with IBMX and forskolin in the transected nerve. A three-fold increase in phosphodiesterase activity was observed at 35 days after both injuries, and a nonmyelinated nerve was shown to have even higher activity. These experiments, therefore, suggest an important role for phosphodiesterase in the inactivation of this second messenger-dependent stimuli when Schwann cells are non-myelinating, such as after sciatic nerve injury or in the nonmyelinated nerve, which again implies that cAMP may be required for the maintenance of the myelin sheath. 相似文献
4.
Carrie Haskell-Luevano Lakmal W. Boteju Victor J. Hruby 《Letters in Peptide Science》1995,1(4):163-170
Summary Nitrogen indole protection of the -methyltryptophan side-chain residue is important for avoiding undesired side reactions during peptide synthesis. Of great importance is the choice of a side-chain protecting group for orthogonal peptide synthesis and its stability under a variety of chemical conditions required for synthesis of the four isomers of this unusual amino acid. We report here the successful use of the mesitylenesulfonyl (Mts) protecting group for -methyltryptophan in the synthesis of melanotropin and CCK peptide analogues and the ready cleavage of this protecting group under HF conditions. 相似文献
5.
Carrie V. Kappel Carlos M. Duarte Keith Brander Christopher J. Brown John F. Bruno Lauren Buckley Michael T. Burrows Benjamin S. Halpern Wolfgang Kiessling Pippa Moore John M. Pandolfi Camille Parmesan Elvira S. Poloczanska David S. Schoeman William J. Sydeman Anthony J. Richardson 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2015,24(1):64-76
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7.
Carrie H. Nelson Kimberly Kline John R. Ellison Bob G. Sanders 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1984,26(1-3):36-41
Abstract. Immune cytolysis and immunofluorescence were used to examine chicken fetal antigen CFA) and chicken adult antigen (CAA) expression on the differentiation/maturation series of definitive erythroid cells obtained from the bone marrow of different aged chickens. We found that erythroid cells undergo changes in CFA/CAA antigenic expression dependent on their differentiation/maturation stage as well as the developmental age of the chicken. All differentiation/maturation stages of erythroid cells in the bone marrow of 12 and 18-day-old embryos express CFA only. Erythroblasts obtained from 7-day post-hatched chickens express either CFA or CAA. All three CFA/CAA phenotypes (i.e., CFA, CAA, and CFA + CAA) are observed in subsequent maturation stages, but only the CFA + CAA phenotype is observed in mature erythroid cells in the bone marrow of 7day post-hatched chickens. Erythroblasts from 62 day post-hatched chickens exhibit all three CFA/CAA phenotypes. Cells in the subsequent maturation stages express various CFA, CAA, or CFA + CAA phenotypes resulting in a majority of the mature erythrocytes expressing both CFA and CAA, and a small population of mature erythrocytes expressing CAA only. Erythroblasts from adult chickens express both CFA and CAA; however, CFA is lost during erythroid maturation resulting in mature erythrocytes which express CAA only. These studies indicate that both the erythroid differentiation/maturation stage and the developmental age of the chicken influence CFA and CAA antigenic expression on erythroid cells undergoing cellular differentiation/maturation in the bone marrow. 相似文献
8.
Nicole M. Fisher Robert W. Gould Rocco G. Gogliotti Annalise J. McDonald Hana Badivuku Susmita Chennareddy Aditi B. Buch Annah M. Moore Matthew T. Jenkins W. Hudson Robb Craig W. Lindsley Carrie K. Jones P. Jeffrey Conn Colleen M. Niswender 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2020,19(7)
Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by deficits in communication, cognition, attention, social behavior and/or motor control. Previous studies have pointed to the involvement of genes that regulate synaptic structure and function in the pathogenesis of these disorders. One such gene, GRM7, encodes the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7), a G protein‐coupled receptor that regulates presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Mutations and polymorphisms in GRM7 have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in clinical populations; however, limited preclinical studies have evaluated mGlu7 in the context of this specific disease class. Here, we show that the absence of mGlu7 in mice is sufficient to alter phenotypes within the domains of social behavior, associative learning, motor function, epilepsy and sleep. Moreover, Grm7 knockout mice exhibit an attenuated response to amphetamine. These findings provide rationale for further investigation of mGlu7 as a potential therapeutic target for neurodevelopmental disorders such as idiopathic autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Rett syndrome. 相似文献
9.
Jubb Carrie S. McAvoy Thomas J. Stanley Kari E. Heminger Ariel R. Salom Scott M. 《BioControl》2021,66(3):367-379
BioControl - Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predatory beetle native to western North America, has been released since 2003 for management of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA),... 相似文献
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