不同饲养密度对亮斑扁角水虻幼虫生长发育及新鲜牛粪转化率的影响

为了解决养牛业中粪便污染问题,本研究利用亮斑扁角水虻(黑水虻)来转化利用牛粪,探讨了饲养密度对新鲜牛粪的转化效率。本试验以亮斑扁角水虻为研究对象,选择设置每20.0 kg牛粪投入3500头、8750头、17500头4日龄幼虫3个处理密度,在每个密度日均1.0 kg等量饲喂条件下,分析亮斑扁角水虻幼虫百虫重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、牛粪转化率指标的差异,探索一种适于亮斑扁角水虻幼虫处理新鲜牛粪的饲养密度。结果表明:百虫重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪3个指标在3组处理之间都存在极显著差异。百虫重和粗脂肪两个指标和试验组密度情况在0.01的水平上显著负相关,但3个处理中转化率最高的为8750头的饲养密度。综合评价认为亮斑扁角水虻4日龄幼虫8750头/20.0 kg牛粪的投入量为实验范围内最佳饲养密度。     

不同除草剂的田间杂草防效及对糜子生长发育的影响

筛选糜子适宜除草剂来防范农田药害,是糜子高效安全生产和改善生态环境亟待解决的关键问题。本研究以粳性糜子品种‘榆糜2号'为材料,探究22种除草剂对糜子田间杂草的防除效果及对糜子生长发育的影响。结果表明: 1)喷施土壤封闭型除草剂谷友、丁草胺、莠去津、苄嘧·丙草胺和茎叶型除草剂苯唑·二甲钠、阔世玛、藤净、陶氏·优先、阔菲后,基本无药害作用,糜子幼苗生长正常,其余除草剂均对糜子有不同程度的药害影响;2)参试的22种除草剂在糜子田中对杂草均表现出一定的防除效果,总体而言,土壤封闭型除草剂的杂草防效相对优于茎叶型除草剂,但所有参试除草剂对糜子株高、功能叶片叶绿素含量、单株穗重均造成不同程度的影响;3)与人工除草相比,参试除草剂均导致糜子产量有不同程度的下降;但与不除草对照相比,部分除草剂有明显的增产增效作用。土壤封闭型除草剂中,谷友、丁草胺、莠去津、苄嘧·丙草胺的杂草防效较好,较不除草对照增产60%以上;茎叶型除草剂中,阔世玛、苯唑·二甲钠的杂草防效较好,较不除草对照增产50%以上。因此,在糜子出苗前可用38%莠去津或44%单嘧磺隆进行土壤封闭处理,或在出苗后喷施茎叶型除草剂3.6%二磺·甲碘隆或55%苯唑·二甲钠,农田杂草防效较好,且对糜子生长发育的负面影响较小。     

Soluble Adhesion Molecules in Patients Coinfected with HIV and HCV: A Predictor of Outcome

Background

Higher serum levels of adhesion molecules (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) are associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. We assessed the relationship between serum levels of adhesion molecules and liver-related events (LRE) or death, in coinfected patients.

Methods

We studied clinical characteristics and outcomes of 182 coinfected patients with a baseline liver biopsy (58 with advanced fibrosis) and simultaneous plasma samples who were followed for median of 9 years. We used receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves to calculate optimized cutoff values (OCV) of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1, defined as the values with the highest combination of sensitivity and specificity for LRE. We used multivariate regression analysis to test the association between OCVs of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and outcomes. The variables for adjustment were age, HIV transmission category, liver fibrosis, baseline CD4+ T-cell counts, antiretroviral therapy, and sustained virologic response (SVR).

Results

During the study period 51 patients had SVR, 19 had LRE, and 16 died. The OCVs for LRE were 5.68 Log pg/mL for sICAM-1 and 6.25 Log pg/mL for sVCAM-1, respectively. The adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of death or LRE, whichever occurred first, for sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 > OCV were 3.98 ([1.14; 13.89], P = 0.030) and 2.81 ([1.10; 7.19], respectively (P = 0.030).

Conclusions

Serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 can serve as markers of outcome in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Therapies targeting necroinflammatory damage and fibrogenesis may have a role in the management chronic hepatitis C.     

VIP and PACAP receptors coupled to adenylyl cyclase in human lung cancer: a study in biopsy specimens

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are important neuropeptides in the control of lung physiology. Both of these commonly bind to specific G protein coupled receptors named VPAC(1)-R and VPAC(2)-R, and PAC(1)-R (with higher affinity for PACAP). VIP and PACAP have been implicated in the control of cell proliferation and tumor growth. This study examined the presence of VIP and PACAP receptors in human lung cancer samples, as well as the functionality of adenylyl cyclase (AC) stimulated by both peptides. Results from RT-PCR and immunoblot experiments showed the expression of VPAC(1)-, VPAC(2)- and PAC(1)-R in lung cancer samples. Immunohistochemical studies showed the expression of VPAC(1) and VPAC(2) receptors. These receptors were positively coupled to AC, but the enzyme activity was impaired as compared to normal lung. There were no changes in Galpha(s) or Galpha(i) levels. Present results contribute to a better knowledge of VIP/PACAP actions in lung cancer and support the interest for the development of VIP/PACAP analogues with therapeutic roles.     

Impairment of adenylate cyclase activity and G-proteins in human uterine leiomyoma

The mechanisms responsible for the growth of uterine leiomyoma (a frequent cause of infertility in women) are largely unknown. Some data supports that cAMP plays a role in the growth of uterine cells but there are no reports on the status of the cAMP producing system in this human benign neoplasia. In this study, biopsies from leiomyoma and the adjacent myometrium were taken from menstruating women subjected to total hysterectomy for leiomyoma. Adenylate cyclase activity was determined by a protein-binding method, and the expression of alpha(s), alphai1/2, alphai3 and alphai0) G-protein subunits was analysed by immunoblot. The leiomyoma samples exhibited a decreased expression of as and ai1/2 with respect to the adjacent myometrial tissue. No differences were observed in alphai3 and alphaio protein expression. The basal adenylate cyclase activity as well as the efficacy (as assessed by the maximal stimulation levels) of either forskolin or, to a lesser extent, Gpp[NH]p on stimulation the enzyme activity was significantly lower in leiomyoma than in myometrium, whereas the potency (as assessed by the ED50 values) of these two agents did not vary. Present data indicate that the human leiomyoma is associated with low levels of cAMP. It is conceivable that the loss of sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to endogenous regulatory molecules could be related to the pathogenesis of human leiomyomas given that cAMP inhibits the MAP-kinase cascade in uterine tissues.     

Mercury Resistance in Bacterial Strains Isolated from Tailing Ponds in a Gold Mining Area Near El Callao (Bolívar State,Venezuela)

Bacterial resistance to mercury (Hg) was investigated in strains isolated from Hg-contaminated tailing ponds located in the gold mining area of El Callao (Bolívar State, Venezuela). High frequencies of resistance were detected to both inorganic-Hg and organomercurials among these strains. A broad range of resistance levels was observed when determining minimal inhibitory concentrations of Hg²⁺. Some strains were able to grow in liquid medium containing 25 μM Hg²⁺, whereas others grew at 300 μM Hg²⁺. Of 190 Hg-resistant strains tested, 58.2% were additionally shown to be resistant to ampicillin (40 mg/L), 33.3% to chloramphenicol (30 mg/L), 24.9% to streptomycin (30 mg/L), 23.3% to tetracycline (30 mg/L), and 1.6% to kanamycin (30 mg/L). Furthermore, we found that 20% of the Hg-resistant strains were simultaneously resistant to as many as four of these antibiotics, at the concentrations tested. The presence of large plasmids in 62.9% of 53 Hg-resistant strains screened prompted us to investigate the horizontal transfer of resistance determinants. Mating experiments were performed using Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as recipient strains. The results obtained confirmed that indigenous Hg-resistant bacteria colonizing the tailing ponds can effectively transfer the phenotype to potentially pathogenic species.     

犏牛FSHβ基因的5'端侧翼区的序列测定和比较研究

目的：为探求犏牛FSHβ基因的5＇端侧翼区的序列特征,揭示该基因的变异和对家畜产仔率的意义,方法：根据奶牛FSHβ基因的5＇端侧翼区的基因序列设 计引物,应用PCR方法扩增并克隆了犏牛FSHβ基因的5＇端侧翼区的序列,扩增序列 长度为2022bp,包括5＇端上游调控序列、第一外显子和部分第一内含子,并与奶牛 该区段序列进行了比较研究.结果：序列分析结果表明：犏牛FSHβ基因的5＇端侧翼 区与文献报道的奶牛该基因的同源性为98.37%.结论：这为研究杂交一代犏牛雄性 雄性不育,为开展牦牛功能基因组计划和分子育种提供了一定的科学的理论依据.     

高原鼢鼠扰动及恢复年限对高寒草甸土壤养分和微生物功能多样性的影响

为了研究高原鼢鼠扰动后退化高寒草甸恢复演替的动态过程,利用常规实验室分析方法和Biolog-ECO生态板法对青藏高原东缘高寒草甸土壤养分和微生物功能多样性进行分析.结果表明: 高原鼢鼠扰动显著降低了土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮和速效磷含量,对土壤全磷和全钾含量无显著影响;在一定植被恢复年限内,土壤微生物的碳源利用率、Shannon、Pielou和McIntosh指数随着植被恢复年限的增加而升高;主成分分析表明,碳水化合物和氨基酸是土壤微生物利用的主要碳源类型;冗余分析表明,土壤pH、有机质、全氮、速效氮和全钾是影响土壤微生物代谢活性和功能多样性的主要因子.不同植被恢复年限土壤微生物功能多样性的变化可能是对地上植被、土壤微生物群落组成和土壤养分变化的响应.     

Progesterone induces mucosal immunity in a rodent model of human taeniosis by Taenia solium

More than one quarter of human world's population is exposed to intestinal helminth parasites. The Taenia solium tapeworm carrier is the main risk factor in the transmission of both human neurocysticercosis and porcine cysticercosis. Sex steroids play an important role during T. solium infection, particularly progesterone has been proposed as a key immunomodulatory hormone involved in susceptibility to human taeniosis in woman and cysticercosis in pregnant pigs. Thus, we evaluated the effect of progesterone administration upon the experimental taeniosis in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Intact female adult hamsters were randomly divided into 3 groups: progesterone-subcutaneously treated; olive oil-treated as the vehicle group; and untreated controls. Animals were treated every other day during 4 weeks. After 2 weeks of treatment, all hamsters were orally infected with 4 viable T. solium cysticerci. After 2 weeks post infection, progesterone-treated hamsters showed reduction in adult worm recovery by 80%, compared to both vehicle-treated and non-manipulated infected animals. In contrast to control and vehicle groups, progesterone treatment diminished tapeworm length by 75% and increased proliferation rate of leukocytes from spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of infected hamsters by 5-fold. The latter exhibited high expression levels of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α at the duodenal mucosa, accompanied with polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltration. These results support that progesterone protects hamsters from the T. solium adult tapeworm establishment by improving the intestinal mucosal immunity, suggesting a potential use of analogues of this hormone as novel inductors of the gut immune response against intestinal helminth infections and probably other bowel-related disorders.