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排序方式: 共有894条查询结果,搜索用时 16 毫秒
1.
Condon Tom Hakim Abbas Moran Antonio B. Zenteno Blumstein Daniel T. 《Journal of Ethology》2021,39(1):89-96
Journal of Ethology - Animals emit predator-elicited calls in response to potential predation threats. These vocalizations induce a variety of anti-predator behaviors in conspecific receivers... 相似文献
2.
Richard G. Condon 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》1991,19(3):287-321
Birth seasonally at high latitudes is a complex phenomenon which is undoubtedly affected by a subtle interaction between environmental rhythmicity (most notably in photoperiod and temperature) and cultural adaption. There is intriguing evidence that human gonadotrophic activity (and hence fertility) may be affected by seasonal fluctuations in light intensity and duration. Nevertheless, cultural factors are important insofar as they mediate between environmental rhythmicity and human fertility/birth patterns. This article examines the distribution of births over several decades in an Inuit community located 300 miles north of the Arctic Circle. Several shifts in birth seasonality are noted, the most significant of which is a dramatic shift from pronounced seasonality in the 1970s to non-seasonality in the 1980s. Longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork has allowed an examination of social and economic changes accounting for the rather sudden disappearance of birth seasonality. These include increasing reliance upon wage employment and social assistance, decreased dependence upon subsistence hunting and trapping, changing attitudes on the part of young people entering their prime reproductive years, and the introduction of television, radio, and southern-style recreational activities. 相似文献
3.
Nitric oxide decreases superoxide anion generation by microsomes from soybean embryonic axes 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of exposure to nitric oxide on the ability by NADPH‐dependent microsomal electron transfer to generate oxygen radicals. Such interactions could play a role in the potential antioxidant action of nitric oxide (NO). Isolated microsomes from soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv. Hood) embryonic axes were exposed to an exogenously added source of nitric oxide (NO) (S‐nitrosoglutathione + dithiothreitol). The O2 − generation rate by microsomes exposed to NO decreased significantly as compared to the rate measured in microsomes incubated in the absence of NO. The exposure of the microsomes to the NO donor did not alter the microsomal rate of hydroxyl radical generation. Preincubation of the microsomes with the NO donor affected neither iron reduction rate nor activity of cytochrome c reductase. However, cytochrome P450 activity was significantly inhibited after exposure to NO. This inhibition was completely prevented by hemoglobin. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that NO exhibits a potential antioxidant role in the plant cell by decreasing the rate of generation of superoxide anion. Since endogenous NO was detected in homogenates of soybean embryonic axes by EPR studies, this interaction between NO and cytochrome P450 in soybean embryonic axes could be a factor of relevance for the control of oxidative stress in vivo. 相似文献
4.
Human brain preparations obtained from either the putamen, thalamus, hippocampus or lateral occipital gyrus p-hydroxylate phenylethylamine to tyramine, a reaction carried out by a microsomal (100,000 xg pellet) membrane bound, NADPH-requiring enzyme. This is a minor metabolic pathway occurring in chronic psychiatric patients, as well as in age-comparable controls. 相似文献
5.
A Ghizzi L De Caro R Costa P Berti 《Bollettino della Società italiana di biologia sperimentale》1989,65(7):617-624
We studied bone marrow CFU-GM growth behaviour of a 9-year-old male child with cyclic neutropenia. The cultures were performed on day 0 and on day 13 of cyclic oscillation, in order to study some correspondences between CFU-GM culture parameters and the phases of a whole cyclic oscillation "in vivo". We explored the CFU-GM growth under three different conditions of GM-CSA production: a) standard source of CSA; b) endogenous GM-CSA assay; c) GM-CSA-gamma-globulin assay. At both observation times the endogenous GM-CSA assay produced more aggregates than the baseline culture. The GM-CSA-gamma-globulin assay partly corrected the growth increase, produced by endogenous assay. At time 0, at the nadir of peripheral blood neutrophils, there was a balance between the number of aggregates, appeared early in culture and early degenerated, and those appeared late. From progenitor cells culture performed on day 13 of cycle, a week before the zenith of neutrophils in vivo, we obtained an increase in aggregates, which appeared late. The values of CFU-GM grown from the culture performed on day 13 reached higher levels than the ones performed on day 0. The CFU-GM growth behaviour shows that in our case with cyclic neutropenia there is no defect in progenitor cells, while on the contrary there is an increase in CSA production. 相似文献
6.
Support for a physiological role of endogenous catecholamines in the stimulation of bovine luteal progesterone production 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To determine if catecholamines were present in bovine luteal tissue, corpora lutea (CL) were obtained during the mid-luteal phase (Days 10-12) and the concentration of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Both DA and NE were detected in luteal tissue at mean concentrations of 41.9 +/- 5.73 and 10.2 +/- 2.51 ng/g for DA and NE, respectively. These concentrations represented a luteal content of 306.6 +/- 66.88 ng/CL for DA and 70.5 +/- 16.88 ng/CL for NE. In vitro, DA at concentrations of 1.0 mM to 0.01 mM stimulated the production of progesterone (P4, p less than 0.05). The response to DA was inhibited by propranolol (a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, p less than 0.05) but not by phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine (alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists), or haloperidol (a DA receptor antagonist, p greater than 0.05). Neither L-tyrosine nor L-dopa altered P4 production (p greater than 0.05). Inhibition of DA beta-hydroxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of DA to NE by FLA-63 blocked the DA-induced increases in luteal P4 production (p less than 0.05). These results demonstrate the existence of DA and NE in bovine luteal tissue and indicate that exogenous DA can be converted to NE in luteal tissue. The results support a physiological role for catecholamines in the stimulation of bovine luteal function. 相似文献
7.
Fumarate reductase of Escherichia coli: an investigation of function and assembly using in vivo complementation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Recombinant plasmids which carried portions of the Escherichia coli frd operon were constructed and their expression examined by in vivo complementation of E. Coli MI 1443. This strain lacked a chromosomal frd operon and was unable to grow anaerobically on glycerol and fumarate. Introduction of all four fumarate reductase subunits into E. coli MI1443 was essential for the restoration of growth. The FRD A, FRD B dimer (but neither subunit alone) was active in the benzyl viologen oxidase assay. Both FRD C and FRD D were required for membrane association of fumarate reductase and for the oxidation of reduced quinone analogues. Introduction into E. coli MI1443 of the frdABC and frdD genes on two separate plasmid vectors failed to restore anaerobic growth on glycerol and fumarate. Thus separation of the DNA coding for the FRD C and FRD D proteins affected the ability of fumarate reductase to assemble into a functional complex. 相似文献
8.
9.
We investigated the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator on insulin receptors and insulin action in freshly isolated and primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. PMA (1 x 10–7 M) did not alter insulin receptor numbers or affinity either acutely or chronically but within 60 minute inactivated insulin stimulated tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor. PKC activation inhibitied insulin (1 x 10–7M) stimulation of glycogen and lipid synthesis with a decrease or no change in basal glycogenesis and lipogenesis respectively. However, PKC activation did not alter insulin stimulated or basal amino acid transport even though PCK activation inhibited insulin stimulation of the insulin. receptor tyrosine kinase. Thus, within one tissue, PKC activation has differential effect on insulin action depending on which pathway is examined. Furthermore, insulin stimulation of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase may not be a necessary step for all insulin signaling pathways. 相似文献
10.
Curtis J. Condon Su-Hua Chang Albert S. Feng 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1991,168(6):709-725
Summary Response characteristics of 130 single neurons in the superior olivary nucleus of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens pipiens) were examined to determine their selectivity to various behaviorally relevant temporal parameters [rise-fall time, duration, and amplitude modulation (AM) rate of acoustic signals. Response functions were constructed with respect to each of these variables. Neurons with different temporal firing patterns such as tonic, phasic or phasic-burst firing patterns, participated in time domain analysis in specific manners. Phasic neurons manifested preferences for signals with short rise-fall times, thus possessing low-pass response functions with respect to this stimulus parameter; conversely, tonic and phasic-burst units were non-selective and possessed all-pass response functions. A distinction between temporal firing patterns was also observed for duration coding. Whereas phasic units showed no change in the mean spike count with a change in stimulus duration (i.e., all-pass duration response functions), tonic and phasic-burst units gave higher mean spike counts with an increase in stimulus duration (i.e., primary-like high-pass response functions). Phasic units manifested greater response selectivity for AM rate than did tonic or phasic-burst units, and many phasic units were tuned to a narrow range of modulation rates (i.e., band-pass). The results suggest that SON neurons play an important role in the processing of complex acoustic patterns; they perform extensive computations on AM rate as well as other temporal parameters of complex sounds. Moreover, the response selectivities for rise-fall time, duration, and AM rate could often be shown to contribute to the differential responses to complex synthetic and natural sounds.Abbreviations
SON
superior olivary nucleus
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DMN
dorsal medullary nucleus
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TS
torus semicircularis
-
FTC
frequency threshold curve
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BF
best excitatory frequency
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PAM
pulsatile amplitude modulation
-
SAM
sinusoidal amplitude modulation
-
SQAM
square-wave amplitude modulation
-
MTF
modulation transfer function
-
PSTH
peri-stimulus time histogram 相似文献