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mtDNA diversity in rhesus monkeys reveals overestimates of divergence time and paraphyly with neighboring species 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Reconstructions of the human-African great ape phylogeny by using
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been subject to considerable debate. One
confounding factor may be the lack of data on intraspecific variation. To
test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of intraspecific mtDNA
diversity on the phylogenetic reconstruction of another Plio- Pleistocene
radiation of higher primates, the fascicularis group of macaque (Macaca)
monkey species. Fifteen endonucleases were used to identify 10 haplotypes
of 40-47 restriction sites in M. mulatta, which were compared with similar
data for the other members of this species group. Interpopulational,
intraspecific mtDNA diversity was large (0.5%- 4.5%), and estimates of
divergence time and branching order incorporating this variation were
substantially different from those based on single representatives of each
species. We conclude that intraspecific mtDNA diversity is substantial in
at least some primate species. Consequently, without prior information on
the extent of genetic diversity within a particular species, intraspecific
variation must be assessed and accounted for when reconstructing primate
phylogenies. Further, we question the reliability of hominoid mtDNA
phylogenies, based as they are on one or a few representatives of each
species, in an already depauperate superfamily of primates.
相似文献
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Vadell María Victoria Salomone Vanesa Natalia Castesana Paula Soledad Morandeira Natalia Soledad Rubio Alejandra Cardo María Victoria 《EcoHealth》2021,18(2):250-266
EcoHealth - Human health risk in urban areas depends on multiple environmental features. We performed a year-round survey in a highly urbanized district located in temperate Argentina (General San... 相似文献
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Alejandra Rubio María V. Cardo Melania T. Junges Aníbal E. Carbajo Darío Vezzani 《Journal of Asia》2018,21(1):150-155
Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens s.l. (Linnaeus, 1762 and 1758, respectively) (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of diseases to humans and a growing public health concern. In order to contribute to the control of mosquito vectors by low environmental impact approaches we assessed the susceptibility of natural populations of container-breeding mosquitoes to triflumuron, an insect growth regulator, in temperate Argentina. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two doses (0.5 ppm and 1 ppm) of triflumuron (SC 48%) against natural populations of Ae. aegypti and Culex spp. immatures in flower vases of four cemeteries. The results demonstrated the susceptibility of both target mosquitoes to triflumuron in field conditions. For Ae. aegypti, dose-dependent reductions were achieved in the presence of pupae and the percentage of water-holding containers harbouring L3–4 and/or pupae, whereas the larvae abundance was equally reduced for both doses. For Culex spp., similar levels of reduction of larvae abundance and pupae presence were achieved with both doses. Significant effects on the response variables measured were recorded up to six to eight weeks post-intervention. Bimonthly applying 1 ppm triflumuron in the context of an integrated mosquito management should achieve a lasting control of Ae. aegypti and Culex spp. in small artificial containers with minimal environmental impacts. 相似文献
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Used vehicle tires are a source of mosquito vectors and a means of their introduction and expansion. With the aim of assessing the effects of urbanisation on the main mosquito vectors in temperate Argentina, the infestation levels of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex pipiens L. were studied in used tires from highly urbanised cities to low-urbanised small towns in Buenos Aires. Immatures of both species accounted for 96% of the 9,722 individuals collected; the total individuals collected represented seven species. The percentage of water-filled tires containing mosquitoes [container index (CI)] was 33% and the percentage of infested sites [site index (SI)] was 65.2%. These indexes decreased significantly from low to high urbanisation levels for both mosquito species. The relative abundance (RA) of Ae. aegypti immatures was slightly higher toward large cities, but showed no difference for Cx. pipiens. The CI of shaded tires was significantly higher than the CI of exposed tires for both mosquito species. There was no difference in RA values between shaded and sunlit tires. The CI and the SI were highest during the summer across the urbanisation levels, except for Cx. pipiens, which continued to increase during the autumn in small towns. Results related to urbanisation gradient, sunlit exposure and seasonality are discussed. 相似文献
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Jane L Wagstaff Jonathan N Pruneda Stefan MV Freund David Komander 《The EMBO journal》2017,36(24):3555-3572
The Ser/Thr protein kinase PINK1 phosphorylates the well‐folded, globular protein ubiquitin (Ub) at a relatively protected site, Ser65. We previously showed that Ser65 phosphorylation results in a conformational change in which Ub adopts a dynamic equilibrium between the known, common Ub conformation and a distinct, second conformation wherein the last β‐strand is retracted to extend the Ser65 loop and shorten the C‐terminal tail. We show using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) nuclear magnetic resonance experiments that a similar, C‐terminally retracted (Ub‐CR) conformation also exists at low population in wild‐type Ub. Point mutations in the moving β5 and neighbouring β‐strands shift the Ub/Ub‐CR equilibrium. This enabled functional studies of the two states, and we show that while the Ub‐CR conformation is defective for conjugation, it demonstrates improved binding to PINK1 through its extended Ser65 loop, and is a superior PINK1 substrate. Together our data suggest that PINK1 utilises a lowly populated yet more suitable Ub‐CR conformation of Ub for efficient phosphorylation. Our findings could be relevant for many kinases that phosphorylate residues in folded protein domains. 相似文献
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