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New record of two established populations of Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque (1819) (Centrarchidae) from the state of Querétaro,Central Mexico
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The plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is the causative agent of a number of diseases of economically important crops, including Pierces disease that affects grapevines. Using a commercially available antibody specific for X. fastidiosa, we have established a protocol for microscopic identification of the bacterium by indirect immunofluorescence. This antibody clearly labels an uncharacterized antigen concentrated at a single pole of X. fastidiosa cells, but does not react with a non-Xylella control. This technique was also performed successfully on xylem exudates from several different plant genera and correlated well with standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. These results establish a novel method for in situ assessment of X. fastidiosa infection from host plants. 相似文献
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Molina V Arruzazabala ML Carbajal D Más R 《Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids》2002,67(1):19-24
D-003 is a natural mixture of higher primary saturated aliphatic acids purified from sugar cane wax, whose main component is octacosanoic acid followed by triacontanoic, dotriacontanoic, and tetratriacontanoic acids. D-003 inhibits platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis experimentally induced in a dose-dependent fashion. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of D-003 (25 and 200 mg/kg) in experimental models of venous thrombosis and on plasma levels of two metabolites from arachidonic acid (AA) : thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) and prostacyclin (PgI(2)). D-003 orally administered as single doses of 200 mg/kg, but not at 25 mg/kg, significantly increased plasma levels of 6 keto PgF1alpha levels, a stable metabolite of PgI(2) in PPP obtained from collagen-stimulated blood (4 microg/ml) compared with control group. Nevertheless, levels of 6 keto PgF1alpha levels determined after 10 days of oral treatment with both doses of D-003 were significantly larger than those of the controls. Likewise, single and repeated oral doses of D-003 (25 and 200 g/kg) significantly reduced the TxB(2) and MDA plasma levels obtained from whole blood stimulated by collagen. Hence, TxB(2)/6 keto PgF1alpha ratio significantly decreased in animals treated with D-003. Single and repeated oral doses of D-003 (25 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the weight of venous thrombus experimentally induced in rats. D-003 at single doses (400 mg/kg but not 200 mg/kg) significantly protected from death induced by endovenous infusion of collagen plus epinephrine in mice. The present results support that these effects of D-003 on AA metabolites could explain, at least partially, its antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. 相似文献
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The hypothesis that, in the ewe, prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha administration on day 3 after ovulation is followed by luteolysis and ovulation was tested using 24 animals. The ewes were treated with a dose of a PGF2alpha analogue (delprostenate, 160 microg) on days 1 (n=8), 3 (n=8) or 5 (n=8) after ovulation, was established by transrectal ultrasonography. Daily scanning and blood sampling were performed to determine ovarian changes and progesterone serum concentrations by radioinmunoassay. The treatment induced a sharp decrease of progesterone concentrations followed by oestrus and ovulation in all ewes treated on days 3 and 5 and in one ewe treated on day 1 (8/8, 8/8, 1/8; P<0.05). Seven ewes treated on day 1 did not respond to PGF2alpha treatment and had an inter-ovulatory cycle of normal length (17.4 +/- 0.5 days). However, the profile of progesterone concentrations during the cycle of these ewes was delayed 1 day (P<0.05) compared with a control cycle. The overall interval between PGF2alpha and oestrus for the 17 responding ewes was 42.4 +/- 2.3 h. In 15 of these ewes the ovulatory follicle was originated from the first follicular wave and the ovulation occurred at 60.8 +/- 1.8 h after PGF2alpha treatment. The other two responding ewes ovulated an ovulatory follicle originated from the second follicular wave between 72 and 96 h after treatment. These results support the hypothesis and suggest that refractoriness to PGF2alpha of the recently formed corpus luteum (CL) may be restricted to the first 1-2 days post-ovulation. 相似文献
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Ungerfeld R Suárez G Carbajal B Silva L Laca M Forsberg M Rubianes E 《Theriogenology》2003,60(1):35-45
The "ram effect" (RE) is an inexpensive technique that allows farmers to obtain out-of-season lambs. Five hundred and ninety-six Corriedale ewes were used in three experiments to determine the effectiveness of different medroxyprogesterone (MAP) treatments associated with the ram effect during the nonbreeding season. The aim of the first experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term (6-day) MAP priming. We obtained similar results in estrus incidence and fertility after using MAP sponges for 6, 9, and 13 days. In the second experiment, we compared the effect of sponges containing 20, 40, or 60 mg of MAP used in 6-day priming. Estrous behavior and fertility were not affected by dosage. In the third experiment, 2.5mg of MAP was administered in single treatments 0, 1, 3, or 5 days before the introduction of the rams. Medroxyprogesterone administration 1, 3, or 5 days before the introduction of the rams concentrated estrus in ewes 17 to 20 days later. 相似文献
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Eijkelkamp N Heijnen CJ Carbajal AG Willemen HL Wang H Minett MS Wood JN Schedlowski M Dantzer R Kelley KW Kavelaars A 《Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)》2012,18(1):556-564
The molecular mechanisms determining magnitude and duration of inflammatory pain are still unclear. We assessed the contribution of G protein–coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-6 to inflammatory hyperalgesia in mice. We showed that GRK6 is a critical regulator of severity and duration of cytokine-induced hyperalgesia. In GRK6−/− mice, a significantly lower dose (100 times lower) of intraplantar interleukin (IL)-1β was sufficient to induce hyperalgesia compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, IL-1β hyperalgesia lasted much longer in GRK6−/− mice than in WT mice (8 d in GRK6−/− versus 6 h in WT mice). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α–induced hyperalgesia was also enhanced and prolonged in GRK6−/− mice. In vitro, IL-1β–induced p38 phosphorylation in GRK6−/− dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was increased compared with WT neurons. In contrast, IL-1β only induced activation of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase/Akt pathway in WT neurons, but not in GRK6−/− neurons. In vivo, p38 inhibition attenuated IL-1β– and TNF-α–induced hyperalgesia in both genotypes. Notably, however, whereas PI 3-kinase inhibition enhanced and prolonged hyperalgesia in WT mice, it did not have any effect in GRK6-deficient mice. The capacity of GRK6 to regulate pain responses was also apparent in carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, since thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity was significantly prolonged in GRK6−/− mice. Finally, GRK6 expression was reduced in DRGs of mice with chronic neuropathic or inflammatory pain. Collectively, these findings underline the potential role of GRK6 in pathological pain. We propose the novel concept that GRK6 acts as a kinase that constrains neuronal responsiveness to IL-1β and TNF-α and cytokine-induced hyperalgesia via biased cytokine-induced p38 and PI 3-kinase/Akt activation. 相似文献
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Misidentification of two Brazilian triatomes, Triatoma arthurneivai and Triatoma wygodzinskyi, revealed by geometric morphometrics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
de la Fuente AL Jaramillo N Barata JM Noireau F Diotaiuti L 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2011,25(2):178-183
Triatoma arthurneivai Lent & Martins and Triatoma wygodzinskyi Lent (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) are two Brazilian species found in the sylvatic environment. Several authors may have misidentified T. arthurneivai and consequently published erroneous information. This work reports the use of geometric morphometric analysis on wings in order to differentiate T. arthurneivai and T. wygodzinskyi, and thus to detect possible misidentifications. Triatomines collected from the field in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, and from laboratory colonies, were used. Analyses show a clear differentiation between specimens of T. arthurneivai and T. wygodzinskyi. This indicates that T. arthurneivai populations from São Paulo state were misidentified and should be considered as T. wygodzinskyi. This study also suggests that T. arthurneivai is an endemic species from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais state. 相似文献
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Stat3 links activated keratinocytes and immunocytes required for development of psoriasis in a novel transgenic mouse model 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
Sano S Chan KS Carbajal S Clifford J Peavey M Kiguchi K Itami S Nickoloff BJ DiGiovanni J 《Nature medicine》2005,11(1):43-49
Here we report that epidermal keratinocytes in psoriatic lesions are characterized by activated Stat3. Transgenic mice with keratinocytes expressing a constitutively active Stat3 (K5.Stat3C mice) develop a skin phenotype either spontaneously, or in response to wounding, that closely resembles psoriasis. Keratinocytes from K5.Stat3C mice show upregulation of several molecules linked to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In addition, the development of psoriatic lesions in K5.Stat3C mice requires cooperation between Stat3 activation in keratinocytes and activated T cells. Finally, abrogation of Stat3 function by a decoy oligonucleotide inhibits the onset and reverses established psoriatic lesions in K5.Stat3C mice. Thus, targeting Stat3 may be potentially therapeutic in the treatment of psoriasis. 相似文献