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1.
Location of genes involved in ear compactness in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by means of molecular markers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sourdille P. Tixier M.H. Charmet G. Gay G. Cadalen T. Bernard S. Bernard M. 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2000,6(3):247-255
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for three traits related to ear morphology (spike length, number of spikelets, and compactness as the ratio between number of spikelets and spike length) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were mapped in a doubled-haploid (DH) population derived from the cross between the cultivars Courtot and Chinese Spring. A molecular marker linkage map of this cross that had previously been constructed based on 187 DH lines and 380 markers was used for QTL mapping. The genome was well covered (85%) except chromosomes 1D and 4D and a set of anchor loci regularly spaced (one marker each 15.5 cM) were chosen for marker regression analysis. The presence of a QTL was declared at a significance threshold = 0.001. The population was grown in one location under field conditions during three years (1994, 1995 and 1998). For each trait, 4 to 6 QTLs were identified with individual effects ranging between 6.9% and 21.8% of total phenotypic variation. Several QTLs were detected that affected more than one trait. Of the QTLs 50% were detected in more than one year and two of them (number of spikelets on chromosome 2B, and compactness on chromosome 2D) emerged from the data from the three years. Only one QTL co-segregated with the gene Q known to be involved in ear morphology, namely the speltoid phenotype. However, this chromosome region explained only a minor part of the variation (7.5–11%). Other regions had a stronger effect, especially two previously unidentified regions located on chromosomes 1A and 2B. The region on the long arm of chromosome 1A was close to the locus XksuG34-1A and explained 12% of variation in spike length and 10% for compactness. On chromosome 2B, the QTL was detected for the three traits near the locus Xfbb121-2B. This QTL explained 9% to 22% of variation for the traits and was located in the same region as the gene involved in photoperiod response (Ppd2). Other regions were located at homoeologous positions on chromosomes 2A and 2D. 相似文献
2.
M. R. Perretant T. Cadalen G. Charmet P. Sourdille P. Nicolas C. Boeuf M. H. Tixier G. Branlard S. Bernard 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(8):1167-1175
A set of 187 doubled haploid lines derived from the cross between cvs. Courtot and Chinese Spring was explored for QTLs for
three bread-making quality tests: hardness, protein content and strength of the dough (W of alveograph). The scores of the
parental lines were quite different except for protein content, and the population showed a wide range of variation. About
350 molecular and biochemical markers were used to establish the genetic map, and technological criteria were evaluated in
1 to 3 years. QTL detection was performed by the ”marker regression” method. The most significant unlinked markers were used
in the model as covariates, and the results were tested by bootstrap resampling. For hardness, we confirmed a previously tagged
major QTL on chromosome 5DS, and two additional minor QTLs were found on chromosome 1A and 6D, respectively. For protein content
two main QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1B and 6A, respectively. For W, three consistent QTLs were detected: two at the
same location as those for hardness, on chromosomes 1A and 5D; the third one on chromosome 3B. Therefore, it appeared that
except for the Glu-1A locus, storage protein loci were not clearly involved in the genetic control of the criteria studied
in the present work. Despite the reasonable size of the population no QTL with interactive effects could be substantially
established as measured. All computations were carried out using home-made programmes in Splus language, and these are available
upon request.
Received: 16 May 1999 / Accepted: 15 October 1999 相似文献
3.
M. H. Tixier P. Sourdille G. Charmet G. Gay C. Jaby T. Cadalen S. Bernard P. Nicolas M. Bernard 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(7):1076-1082
An intervarietal molecular-marker map was used for the detection of genomic regions influencing crossability between wheat
(Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) and rye (Secale cereale L.). Analysis of deviance and logistic marker-regression methods were conducted on data from doubled haploid lines from a
cross between “Courtot” and “Chinese Spring”. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) involved in crossability, associated
with the marker Xfba367-5B, was detected on the short arm of chromosome 5B. An additional locus, Xwg583-5B, was indicated on the long arm of chromosome 5B. This minor QTL might correspond to Kr1 which was presumed to be the major gene controlling crossability. Another locus of the genome, Xtam51-7A on chromosome 7A, was significantly associated with this trait. Alleles of “non-crossability” were contributed by the non-crossable
cultivar “Courtot”. The three-marker model explains 65% of the difference in crossability between the two parents. The present
results are discussed in relation to those previously carried out to locate the Kr genes by using the telocentric mapping technique.
Received: 27 February 1998 / Accepted: 15 May 1998 相似文献
4.
Detection of QTLs for heading time and photoperiod response in wheat using a doubled-haploid population. 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
The genetic basis of heading time in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated through the study of flowering under normal autumn sown field conditions as well as photoperiod responses under a controlled environment. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits were mapped in a doubled-haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between the wheat cultivars 'Courtot' and 'Chinese Spring'. A molecular marker linkage map of this cross that was previously constructed based on 187 DH lines and 380 markers was used for QTL mapping. The genome was well covered (85%) except for chromosomes 1D and 4D, and a set of anchor loci regularly spaced over the genome (one marker each 15.5 cM) was chosen for marker regression analysis. The presence of a QTL was declared at a significance threshold of alpha = 0.005. The population was grown under field conditions in Clermont-Ferrand, France during two years (1994-1995), in Norwich, U.K. over one year (1998), and also under controlled environments in Norwich. For each trait, between 2 and 4 QTLs were identified with individual effects ranging between 6.3% and 44.4% of the total phenotypic variation. Two QTLs were detected that simultaneously affected heading time and photoperiod response. For heading time, these two QTLs were detected in more than one year. One QTL located on chromosome arm 2BS near the locus Xfbb121-2B, co-segregated with the gene Ppd-B1 known to be involved in photoperiod response. This chromosome region explained a large part of the variation (23.4-44.4% depending on the years or the traits). Another region located on chromosome arm 7BS between the loci Xfbb324-7B and Xfbb53-7B also had a strong effect (7.3-15.3%). This region may correspond to a QTL for earliness per se. 相似文献
5.
J. P. Martinant T. Cadalen A. Billot S. Chartier P. Leroy M. Bernard L. Saulnier G. Branlard 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(7):1069-1075
Two mapping populations were used for the analysis of the water-extractable arabinoxylans. One originated from a cross between
the hexaploid cultivars ‘Courtot’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ and the other from a cross between an amphiploid (Synthetic) and cv
‘Opata’. Arabinose (Ara), and xylose (Xyl) contents were quantified for the 91 and 76 lines obtained from the two crosses,
respectively. Relative viscosity (ηrel) of the wheat flour aqueous extract was evaluated by capillary viscometry. Both crosses gave similar correlation coefficients
between sugar contents and relative viscosity. There were strong positive relationships between arabinose, xylose and arabinoxylan
contents. The relative viscosity was strongly and positively related to the arabinoxylan content and strongly and negatively
related to the Ara/Xyl ratio (arabinose content to xylose content). For one of the two crosses two measurements of relative
viscosity were generated from 2 years of consecutive harvesting. As a strong correlation was observed between these two measurements,
an important genotypic effect can be deduced for the relative viscosity of water-extractable arabinoxylans. QTL (quantitative
trait locus) research did not reveal any chromosomal segments that were strongly implicated in variations in sugar content.
However, a QTL was found for relative viscosity values and the Ara/Xyl ratio on the long arm of the 1B chromosome for the
two crosses considered. This QTL explained 32–37% of the variations in relative viscosity and 35–42% of the variations in
the Ara/Xyl ratio. Genes located at this QTL controlled relative viscosity through modifying the Ara/Xyl ratio. Variations
in the Ara/Xyl ratio were supposedly related to differences in the molecular structure of water-extractable arabinoxylans.
Minor QTLs were also obtained for relative viscosity and Ara/Xyl ratio, but the chromosomes concerned were different for the
two populations evaluated.
Received: 5 January 1998 / Accepted: 15 May 1998 相似文献
6.
Lucy Gonthier Christelle Blassiau Monika Mörchen Thierry Cadalen Matthieu Poiret Theo Hendriks Marie-Christine Quillet 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2013,126(8):2103-2121
High-density genetic maps were constructed for loci involved in nuclear male sterility (NMS1-locus) and sporophytic self-incompatibility (S-locus) in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). The mapping population consisted of 389 F1′ individuals derived from a cross between two plants, K28 (male-sterile) and K59 (pollen-fertile), both heterozygous at the S-locus. This F1′ mapping population segregated for both male sterility (MS) and strong self-incompatibility (SI) phenotypes. Phenotyping F1′ individuals for MS allowed us to map the NMS1-locus to linkage group (LG) 5, while controlled diallel and factorial crosses to identify compatible/incompatible phenotypes mapped the S-locus to LG2. To increase the density of markers around these loci, bulked segregant analysis was used. Bulks and parental plants K28 and K59 were screened using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, with a complete set of 256 primer combinations of EcoRI-ANN and MseI-CNN. A total of 31,000 fragments were generated, of which 2,350 showed polymorphism between K59 and K28. Thirteen AFLP markers were identified close to the NMS1-locus and six in the vicinity of the S-locus. From these AFLP markers, eight were transformed into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers and of these five showed co-dominant polymorphism. The chromosomal regions containing the NMS1-locus and the S-locus were each confined to a region of 0.8 cM. In addition, we mapped genes encoding proteins similar to S-receptor kinase, the female determinant of sporophytic SI in the Brasicaceae, and also markers in the vicinity of the putative S-locus of sunflower, but none of these genes or markers mapped close to the chicory S-locus. 相似文献
7.
M. Hassine A. Siah P. Hellin T. Cadalen P. Halama J.-L. Hilbert W. Hamada M. Baraket A. Yahyaoui A. Legrève M. Duvivier 《Fungal biology》2019,123(10):763-772
Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the heterothallic ascomycete Zymoseptoria tritici is currently one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide. The extent of sexual reproduction of this pathogen is well documented on bread wheat, but not on durum wheat. The objective of the present study was to quantify the occurrence of Z. tritici sexual reproduction on durum wheat in the Tunisian environment. The assessment was undertaken using a triple approach combining fruiting body assessment, ascospore trapping and population genetic analyses. The results highlighted the formation of pseudothecia on leaves and stubble from the autumn until the end of the growing season. Likewise, qPCR monitoring highlighted a constant release of Z. tritici airborne inoculum during the wheat-growing season, with a peak of production at the end of the season. Genetic investigations using microsatellites revealed high levels of gene and genotypic diversities, an equal distribution of mating types, and a lack of genetic clustering within and between growing seasons. Taken together, these findings indicate that Z. tritici undergoes sexual reproduction on durum wheat in Tunisia at least to the same extent than on bread wheat in Western Europe, and that the dry and warm climate does not affect the mating process of the fungus. Frequent occurrence of sexual reproduction is a valuable knowledge to take into account in STB control strategies on durum wheat. 相似文献
8.
Molecular markers linked to genes affecting plant height in wheat using a doubled-haploid population 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
T. Cadalen P. Sourdille G. Charmet M. H. Tixier G. Gay C. Boeuf S. Bernard P. Leroy M. Bernard 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(6-7):933-940
Plant height in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) is known to be under polygenic control. Crosses involving genes Rht-B1 and Rht-D1, located on chromosomes 4BS and 4DS, respectively, have shown that these genes have major effects. Two RFLP loci were found
to be linked to these two genes (Xfba1-4B with Rht-B1 and Xfba211-4D with Rht-D1) by genotyping a population of F1-derived doubled-haploid lines [‘Courtot’ (Rht-B1b+Rht-D1b)בChinese Spring’]. Using a well-covered molecular marker map, we detected three additional regions and one interaction influencing
plant height. These regions, located on chromosome arms 4BS (near the locus Xglk556-4B), 7AL (near the locus Xglk478-7A) and 7BL (near the locus XksuD2-7B) explained between 5% and 20% of the variability for this trait in this cross. The influence of 2 loci from chromosome 4B
(Xfba1-4B and Xglk556-4B) suggests that there could be a duplication of Rht-B1 on this chromosome originating from Cv ‘Courtot’. Moreover, an interaction effect between loci from chromosome arms 1AS (near
the locus Xfba393-1A) and 1BL (near the locus Xcdo1188-1B) was comparable to or even higher than those of the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b alleles. A model including the main effects of the loci from chromosomes 4B and 4D (Xfba1-4B, Xglk556-4B and Xfba211-4D) and the interaction effect between Xfba393-1A and Xcdo1188-1B is proposed, which explains about 50% of the variation in plant height. The present results are discussed in relation to
those obtained using nullisomic or substitution lines.
Received: 13 June 1997 / Accepted: 13 October 1997 相似文献
9.
T. Cadalen M. Mörchen C. Blassiau A. Clabaut I. Scheer J-L. Hilbert T. Hendriks M-C. Quillet 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,25(4):699-722
A consensus genetic map for chicory (2n = 2x = 18) was obtained after the integration of molecular marker data of two industrial chicory progenies (K28K59, Rubis118) and one witloof chicory progeny (BR). As a limited number of co-dominant markers was available at the beginning of this work, three different microsatellite-enriched libraries were produced from genomic DNA, resulting in 420, 719 and 1,251 sequences, respectively. The level of informative Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) sequences from the three libraries ranged from 28 to 40%, thus defining a set of 730 SSR markers available for polymorphism screening. A subset of 81 Sequence-Tagged Sites (STS) developed from EST, cDNA, genes, and non-coding sequences was screened through Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, leading to 46 polymorphic loci integrated in the genetic maps. Markers were grouped and ordered on 9 homologous Linkage Groups (LG) for each of the three maps: 274 markers in K28K59, 282 markers in Rubis118, 178 markers in BR. Co-linear regions between maps were identified through 193 ‘bridge’ markers that allowed the integration of the 9 homologous LG in a consensus map containing 472 markers and covering 878 cM. Comparison across maps revealed the presence of 4 conserved regions with significant distorted markers, also defined as Segregation Distortion Regions (SDR), affected by gametic or zygotic selection factors. Marker distribution was not always uniform; 6 LG possessed homologous clustered regions in all maps. The consensus map could be the starting point for the identification and the cloning of major genes and QTL in fundamental and applied genetic areas in chicory. 相似文献
10.
T. Cadalen C. Boeuf S. Bernard M. Bernard 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(3-4):367-377
An intervarietal molecular marker map covering most of the nuclear genome was developed in Triticum aestivum. One hundred and six androgenetic-derived doubled haploid lines obtained from the F1 between monosomics of ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Courtot’ were analysed for genetic mapping. The map covered 18 of the 21 chromosomes
with an identical distribution of markers in the A and B genome, and only small segments of the D genome. Distorted markers
were mapped using Bailey’s 2-point method and revealed skewed regions on 1A, 1DS, 2A, 2B, 4AS and 6B. Comparison with a wide
cross [‘Opata’×Synthetic hexaploid (T. tauschii/‘Altar 84’)] showed colinearity for markers on homologous chromosomes, but revealed a large proportion (25%) of markers mapped
on non-homoeologous chromosomes, i. e. heterologous markers. The origin of the material and distortion segregation are discussed
with particular emphasis on investigations of D-genome markers.
Received: 2 May 1996 / Accepted: 2 August 1996 相似文献