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Abstract.
- 1 Mark—recapture sampling must be stratified because populations of foragers and defenders are partitioned by trunk trails and order of emergence respectively.
- 2 Foragers and defenders form overlapping subsets of the total colony population, each of which is correlated with total colony population size.
- 3 Foragers and defenders have an average life expectancy of approximately 2 weeks.
- 4 The fluorescent marking procedure did not significantly affect harvester ant mortality and only temporarily affected their behaviour.
- 5 Combinations and mixtures of fluorescent ink allow at least eight groups in a colony to be distinctly marked for periods exceeding 4 months.
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PHILIP W. ATKINSON ALLAN J. BAKER KAREN A. BENNETT NIGEL A. CLARK JACQUIE A. CLARK KIMBERLY B. COLE ANNE DEKINGA AMANDA DEY SIMON GILLINGS PATRICIA M. GONZÁLEZ KEVIN KALASZ CLIVE D. T. MINTON JASON NEWTON LAWRENCE J. NILES THEUNIS PIERSMA ROBERT A. ROBINSON HUMPHREY P. SITTERS 《Journal of Applied Ecology》2007,44(4):885-895
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A new taxonomic treatment of the Festuca ovina L. aggregate (Poaceae) in the British Isles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MICHAEL J. WILKINSON CLIVE A. STACE 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(4):347-397
A new taxonomic treatment of the Festuca ovina L. aggregate (Poaceae) in the British Isles. A wide range of morphological, anatomical and cytological characters was collected and analysed by a variety of methods, some taxometric. As a result nine species are recognized in the British Isles, one (F. glauca Vill.) only as a garden plant and two (F. huonii Auquier and F. armoricana Kerguélen) only in the Channel Isles. Two other species sometimes claimed for the British Isles (F. guestfalica Boenn. ex Reichb. and F. indigesta Boiss.) are excluded for various reasons given. One species (F. ovina L.) is divided into three subspecies: the diploid subsp. ovina (commonest in the north); and the tetraploid subsp. hirtula (Hackel ex Travis) M. Wilkinson (the commonest taxon of the aggregate in the British Isles) and subsp. ophioliticola (Kerguélen) M. Wilkinson (scattered throughout the British Isles, but commonest on chalk and limestone and not restricted to serpentine soils as once thought). 相似文献
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CLIVE A. MCALPINE MICHIALA E. BOWEN JOHN G. CALLAGHAN DANIEL LUNNEY JONATHAN R. RHODES DAVID L. MITCHELL DAVID V. PULLAR HUGH P. POSZINGHAM 《Austral ecology》2006,31(4):529-544
Abstract Predicting the various responses of different species to changes in landscape structure is a formidable challenge to landscape ecology. Based on expert knowledge and landscape ecological theory, we develop five competing a priori models for predicting the presence/absence of the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) in Noosa Shire, south‐east Queensland (Australia). A priori predictions were nested within three levels of ecological organization: in situ (site level) habitat (<1 ha), patch level (100 ha) and landscape level (100–1000 ha). To test the models, Koala surveys and habitat surveys (n = 245) were conducted across the habitat mosaic. After taking into account tree species preferences, the patch and landscape context, and the neighbourhood effect of adjacent present sites, we applied logistic regression and hierarchical partitioning analyses to rank the alternative models and the explanatory variables. The strongest support was for a multilevel model, with Koala presence best predicted by the proportion of the landscape occupied by high quality habitat, the neighbourhood effect, the mean nearest neighbour distance between forest patches, the density of forest patches and the density of sealed roads. When tested against independent data (n = 105) using a receiver operator characteristic curve, the multilevel model performed moderately well. The study is consistent with recent assertions that habitat loss is the major driver of population decline, however, landscape configuration and roads have an important effect that needs to be incorporated into Koala conservation strategies. 相似文献
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Application of low concentrations of ethylene gas to the sprouts of Arran Pilot elicited many of the morphological and anatomical symptoms of the coiled sprout disorder. Similar effects were observed using 2-chloroethyl-phosphonic acid (Ethrel). Obstruction of coil-prone etiolated sprouts led to enhanced ethylene production for a period of two to three days but this pattern was not shown by non-coil-prone sprouts. 相似文献
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Cycling and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in wetlands: a theoretical and applied perspective 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20
CLIVE HOWARD-WILLIAMS 《Freshwater Biology》1985,15(4):391-431
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Abstract: The Westbury Formation (Rhaetian) beds of Westbury Garden Cliff, Westbury‐on‐Severn, west of Gloucester, Britain, show an unusual combination of features. Both deep water and emergent characteristics are present within the sediments and the trace fossils. The ichnoassemblage consists of abundant Selenichnites, Planolites beverlyensis and Lockeia with rarer Oniscoidichnus, Chondrites, Rhizocorallium irregulare, Taenidium serpentium, an unusual form of Walcottia and Merostomichnites‐like traces. These trace fossils display an interesting relationship with the sediments: low‐energy Cruziana ichnofacies is found within high‐energy sandstones. The sandstones are interbedded with laminated mudstones, apparently deposited in deep water, but some aspects of the ichnoassemblage, preservation and sedimentation indicate shallower water. One new trace fossil, Radichnus allingtona igen. et isp. nov., closely resembles the traces of modern fiddler crabs and imply emergence, by analogy. This ichnofauna is similar to early stage disaster colonisation in recent experiments in Long Island Sound (south of Connecticut, USA) and with storm‐influenced deposits within the Cardium Formation (Seebe, Alberta, Canada). This indicates a lagoonal environment with influxes of sand and oxygen. Total organic carbon levels were found to fluctuate greatly between stratigraphic layers but remained relatively high. This implies low oxygen conditions. The abundance of sulphur (in pyrite) also supports an interpretation of anoxic conditions, and low sedimentation rates within the shale layers. A restricted shallow basin or lagoonal environment is proposed for the palaeoenvironment, with fluctuating oxygen influencing diversity. 相似文献