Determination of genetic relationships among elite thermosensitive genic male sterile lines (TGMS) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) employing morphological and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

A set of morphological traits and SSR markers were used to determine the genetic relationship among 12 elite thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines developed at three different research institutions of India. Agro-morphological data recorded on 20 morphological traits revealed a wide base of genetic variation and a set of four morphological traits could distinguish most of the TGMS lines. Analysis with 30 SSR markers (20 EST-SSRs and 10 genomic SSRs) revealed 27 markers to be polymorphic, amplifying a total of 83 alleles. Each SSR marker amplified 2-6 alleles with an average of 2.76 alleles per marker and a PIC value varying from 0.54 to 0.96. Cluster analysis based on SSR and morphological data clearly differentiated the lines according to their source of origin. Correlation analysis between morphological and molecular data revealed a very poor association (r = 0.06), which could be attributed to selection pressure, genetic drift, sampling error and unknown relationship among related lines. The SSR markers discriminated the genotypes distinctly and quantified the genetic diversity precisely among the TGMS lines. Data on the yield per plant indicated that the genotypes grouping under a similar cluster showed same heterotic behaviour as compared to the genotypes from different clusters when crossed to similar pollinators.     

沿海拔梯度的表型可塑性影响银胶菊叶甲的取食效率和发育(英文)

【目的】本研究旨在弄清楚生态气候因子是否影响尼泊尔银胶菊Parthenium hysterophorus盛产区中银胶菊叶甲Zygogramma bicolorata成虫后代的形态学测量参数和基础生物学。【方法】 从尼泊尔Kathmandu (24℃, 海拔1 400 m, 温带气候), Chitwan (25℃, 海拔415 m, 热带或亚热带气候)和Mahendranagar (34℃, 海拔229 m, 湿润 亚热带气候)地区采集银胶菊叶甲成虫,在最适室内条件下评估各生态气候区中其F₁代4龄幼虫和雌成虫的取食特征。我们假定在自由取食和最适非生物条件下饲养的后代将不会受到食物和气温的间接影响,不管亲本属于哪一生态气候区,后代利用食物的能力一致。【结果】然而,我们发现,尽管在最适条件下饲养,银胶菊叶甲后代的体型和取食特征与其亲本相似。体型大的亲本(来自Kathmandu地区),其后代体型也大,但是其食物利用效率比体型小的亲本(来自Chitwan 和Mahendranagar地区)所产后代小。这3个生态气候区中,与幼虫相比正在发育的雌成虫均表现出体重增加而食物利用效率降低。【结论】这些发现说明,食物和最适非生物条件的间接影响可能不影响银胶菊叶甲后代的表型可塑性,后代的体型和取食特征与亲本相似。发生的可遗传的变化可能是由于种内的遗传多样性。我们期望这些发现有助于理解气候变化背景下银胶菊叶甲成虫的表型可塑性、分布格局和取食行为。     

Witch Hunts, Herbal Healing, and Discourses of Indigenous Ecodevelopment in North India: Theory and Method in the Anthropology of Environmentality

ABSTRACT  In this article, we examine the environmental thought and practice of indigenous peoples living in and around a wildlife sanctuary in North India. Analysis reveals that those religious specialists (such as shamans) who possess knowledge of herbal healing are more committed than other villagers to preventing or mitigating the overharvesting of natural resources. To explain these results, reference is made to a specific juncture of native traditions and modern conditions and in particular to an intersection of local economies with global discourses of "ecodevelopment." Drawing on theories and methods from political ecology and cultural psychology, we present a framework for testing the extent that local actors—in this case, shamanic and herbalist healers—are differently positioned to resist or accommodate state and parastate structures of "environmentality" than are other villagers.