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N J Bundred W A Ratcliffe R A Walker S Coley J M Morrison J G Ratcliffe 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1991,303(6816):1506-1509
OBJECTIVE--To see whether parathyroid hormone related protein has a humoral role in breast cancer. DESIGN--Plasma concentrations and tumour expression of parathyroid hormone related protein were determined (by two site immunoradiometric assay and immunohistochemistry respectively) in women with breast cancer and related to the presence of bone metastases and serum calcium concentrations. SUBJECTS--Plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone related protein were measured in 57 women with early breast cancer without apparent bone metastases, 28 women with bone metastases, and 13 women with bone metastases and hypercalcaemia. Tissue positivity for parathyroid hormone related protein was determined retrospectively in 106 primary breast tumours from women without apparent bone metastases and 72 tumours from women with bone metastases, 25 of whom subsequently developed hypercalcaemia. RESULTS--Plasma parathyroid hormone related protein concentrations were detectable (greater than 0.23 pmol/l) in 12 (92%) of the 13 hypercalcaemic patients with bone metastases compared with 10 (36%) of the 28 normocalcaemic patients with bone metastases and five (9%) of the 57 normocalcaemic patients without bone metastases. Parathyroid hormone related protein concentrations were significantly higher in hypercalcaemic than normocalcaemic patients with bone metastases. Tumour staining was positive for parathyroid hormone related protein in 22 (88%) of the 25 primary breast cancers from patients with bone metastases. Tumour staining was positive for parathyroid hormone related protein in 22 (88%) of the 25 primary breast cancers from patients with bone metastases who later developed hypercalcaemia compared with 25 (53%) of the 47 from women in this group who remained normocalcaemic and 55 (52%) of the 106 early breast cancers from women without known metastases. CONCLUSION--Tumour derived parathyroid hormone related protein may have an important humoral role in hypercalcaemia associated with metastatic breast cancer. 相似文献
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The biocontrol properties of Trichoderma species are well documented, but their effectiveness in antagonism of the problematic Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal agent of white rot in Allium species, appears limited with reports of significant control only relating to deliberately-mutated strains of Trichoderma. Our previous studies have indicated the possibility of using selected naturally-occurring strains of the antagonist in the suppression of other diseases; now in vitro and controlled environment in vivo studies have indicated that a degree of control of Onion White Rot is possible, and that the selected antagonist strains can be used in integrated treatments with Iprodione to good effect. The possible value of such treatments is considered in light of other approaches to the suppression of this continuing problem. 相似文献
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Pasquier CM; Promponas VI; Varvayannis NJ; Hamodrakas SJ 《Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)》1998,14(8):749-750
Summary : FT is a tool written in C++, which implements the Fourier
analysis method to locate periodicities in aminoacid or DNA sequences. It
is provided for free public use on a WWW server with a Java interface.
Availability : The server address is http://o2.db. uoa.gr/FT Contact :
shamodr@atlas.uoa.gr
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Utility of the white gene in estimating phylogenetic relationships among mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The utility of a nuclear protein-coding gene for reconstructing
phylogenetic relationships within the family Culicidae was explored.
Relationships among 13 species representing three subfamilies and nine
genera of Culicidae were analyzed using a 762-bp fragment of coding
sequence from the eye color gene, white. Outgroups for the study were two
species from the sister group Chaoboridae. Sequences were determined from
clone PCR products amplified from genomic DNA, and aligned following
conceptual intron splicing and amino acid translation. Third codon
positions were characterized by high levels of divergence and biased
nucleotide composition, the intensity and direction of which varied among
taxa. Equal weighting of all characters resulted in parsimony and
neighboring-joining trees at odds with the generally accepted phylogenetic
hypothesis based on morphology and rDNA sequences. The application of
differential weighting schemes recovered the traditional hypothesis, in
which the subfamily Anophelinae formed the basal clade. The subfamily
Toxorhynchitinae occupied an intermediate position, and was a sister group
to the subfamily Culicinae. Within Culicinae, the genera Sabethes and
Tripteroides formed an ancestral clade, while the Culex-Deinocerites and
Aedes- Haemagogus clades occupied increasingly derived positions in the
molecular phylogeny. An intron present in the Culicinae- Toxorhynchitinae
lineage and one outgroup taxon was absent in the basal Anophelinae lineage
and the second outgroup taxon, suggesting that intron insertions or
deletions may not always be reliable systematic characters.
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Background
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are now recognized as an important cause of hospital admissions, with a proportion ranging from 0.9–7.9%. They also constitute a significant economic burden. We thus aimed at determining the prevalence and the economic burden of ADRs presenting to Medical Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary referral center in India 相似文献10.
Christopher NJ Young Anthony Sinadinos Alexis Lefebvre Philippe Chan Stephen Arkle David Vaudry Dariusz C Gorecki 《Autophagy》2015,11(1):113-130
P2RX7 is an ATP-gated ion channel, which can also exhibit an open state with a considerably wider permeation. However, the functional significance of the movement of molecules through the large pore (LP) and the intracellular signaling events involved are not known. Here, analyzing the consequences of P2RX7 activation in primary myoblasts and myotubes from the Dmdmdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we found ATP-induced P2RX7-dependent autophagic flux, leading to CASP3-CASP7-independent cell death. P2RX7-evoked autophagy was triggered by LP formation but not Ca2+ influx or MAPK1-MAPK3 phosphorylation, 2 canonical P2RX7-evoked signals. Phosphoproteomics, protein expression inference and signaling pathway prediction analysis of P2RX7 signaling mediators pointed to HSPA2 and HSP90 proteins. Indeed, specific HSP90 inhibitors prevented LP formation, LC3-II accumulation, and cell death in myoblasts and myotubes but not in macrophages. Pharmacological blockade or genetic ablation of p2rx7 also proved protective against ATP-induced death of muscle cells, as did inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA. The functional significance of the P2RX7 LP is one of the great unknowns of purinergic signaling. Our data demonstrate a novel outcome—autophagy—and show that molecules entering through the LP can be targeted to phagophores. Moreover, we show that in muscles but not in macrophages, autophagy is needed for the formation of this LP. Given that P2RX7-dependent LP and HSP90 are critically interacting in the ATP-evoked autophagic death of dystrophic muscles, treatments targeting this axis could be of therapeutic benefit in this debilitating and incurable form of muscular dystrophy. 相似文献